新世纪以来俄罗斯国际学生入境流动态势研究

Studies on the Inbound Flow of International Students in Russia Since the New Century

进入新世纪以来,俄罗斯高校国际学生入境流动迅猛发展,其背后有着深刻的政治、经济和社会动因。近20年来,俄国际学生的数量和规模持续增长,跻身世界留学目的国前列;国际生源以独联体国家为主,地缘效应显著;学科布局广泛,传统学科优势明显;以学位生和自费生为主体,奖学金配额不断增加。这些成效的取得,一方面得益于政府将国际学生入境流动上升至国家战略的高度,并从国家层面予以连续性的立法保障;另一方面得益于政府在教育、外交、文化、社会保障等领域制定了一系列卓有成效的国际学生流动策略,如积极参与世界双边、多边合作,创建世界一流大学,加大俄语和俄罗斯文化的境外推广力度,打造舒适优质的留学环境等。

Since the beginning of the new century,the inbound flow of interna-tional students in Russian universities has developed rapidly based on pro-found political,economic and social motivations.In the past 20 years,the number and scale of international students in Russia has continued to grow,ranking among the top destinations for overseas study in the world.The inter-national students are mainly from CIS countries,and the geographical effect is significant.The discipline layout is wide,and the advantage of traditional dis-cipline is obvious.They are mainly degree students and self-supporting students,and the scholarship quota is constantly increasing.These achieve-ments can be attributed to the following factors:on the one hand,the govern-ment has elevated the inflow of international students to the level of national strategy and provided continuous legislative protection from the national level;on the other hand,the government has developed a series of effective interna-tional student flow strategies in education,diplomacy,culture,social security and other fields,actively participated in bilateral and multilateral cooperation around the world,built world-class universities,intensified the overseas pro-motion of Russian language and Russian culture,and created a comfortable and high-quality environment for studying abroad.