潘季驯治理黄河实践与杰出贡献——纪念潘季驯500周年诞辰

Pan Jixun’s practice and outstanding contribution in harnessing the Yellow River:——Commemorating the 500th anniversary of Pan Jixun

本文全面分析了明代治河专家潘季驯四次主持治理黄河、淮河、运河的历史经过、历史挑战、治河主张和工程措施。总结了潘季驯在治河思想上的四大理论贡献:(1)提出了黄河治理必须抓住水少沙多、暴涨暴落的基本特征;(2)提出了解决黄河泥沙问题的三个理论(束水攻沙、蓄清刷黄、淤滩固堤)及其相应工程措施;(3)提出了治理清口为中心,建设洪泽湖水利枢纽,全面治理黄、淮、运的跨流域规划思想及相应工程措施;(4)提出了建设系统堤防的思想及其相应工程措施和管理制度。指出了潘季驯治河四个历史贡献:(1)推动治河工程从分流杀势到筑堤束水、固定河槽的根本转变;(2)推动了持续近200年的黄河下游堤防工程和洪泽湖枢纽的大建设;(3)基本保证了京杭运河的畅通;(4)相对减少了黄淮平原的洪水灾害破坏。同时指出,潘季驯治河具有鲜明的实践特征。

This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the historical process,historical challenges,river control ideas and engineering measures of Pan Jixun,a river control expert in Ming Dynasty,in his presiding over the control of the Yellow River,Huaihe River and Grand Canal for four times.It summarizes Pan Jixun’s four theoretical contributions to the thought of river regulation.(1)It was proposed that the basic characteristics of less water and more sediment,sharp rise and fall must be grasped in the control of the Yellow River.(2)Three theories and corresponding engineering measures to solve the sediment problem of the Yellow River were put forward:harnessing sediment by water,storing and cleaning Yellow River,silting beach and strengthening embankment and corresponding engineering measures.(3)The idea of inter basin planning and corresponding engineering measures for the construction of Hongze Lake water control project and the comprehensive management of the Yellow River,Huaihe River and transportation were put forward.(4)The idea of systematic embankment and its corresponding engineering measures and management system were put forward.The paper also points out four historical contributions of Pan Jixun to river regulation.First,he promoted the fundamental transformation of river regulation project from diversion and reducing potential to building embankment and binding flow and fixing river channel.Second,promoted the large-scale construction of the embankment project in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Hongze Lake hub for nearly 200 years.Third,the smooth flow of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal had been basically guaranteed.Fourth,the flood disaster damage in the Huang Huai plain were relatively reduced.In addition,this paper also points out that Pan Jixun water control training has distinct practical characteristics.