巴西亚马孙“采掘保留地”的发展研究

The Research on the Development of the Brazilian Amazon“Extractive Reserve”

巴西“采掘保留地”制度初建于亚马孙雨林地区,经三十余年发展已成为该国独具特色的环保单位之一,其植被保护类型从陆地森林延伸至滨海湿地,覆盖总面积超一千五百多万公顷。事实证明,“采掘保留地”作为多方合作保护雨林生态的成功典型,在降低森林砍伐率、提高居民社会地位、禁止猎杀野生动物等方面发挥出巨大功效,但依然面临着过度依赖出口经济、基础设施落后、民众文化认同度下降等发展困境。

Brazilian“Extractive Reserve”system was first established in the Amazon Rainforest region and has become one of the country’s unique environmental protection units after more than 30 years,with vegetation types extending from terrestrial forests to coastal wetlands,covering the area of more than 15 million hectares.Facts have proved that the“Extractive Reserve”is a successful model of multi-cooperation to protect Amazon ecology.It has played a hugely positive role in effectively reducing the deforestation rate,improving the social status of residents,and banning wildlife hunting.However,it still faces problems such as over-reliance on exports,poor infrastructures,and a decline incommunity cultural identity.