主动接近式航天器威胁分析方法

Threat Analysis Methods of Actively Approaching Spacecraft

针对具有机动能力的非合作主动接近航天器,提出一种威胁指标计算模型,用于分析追踪航天器对目标航天器的威胁大小。分析追踪航天器的任务模式,利用双脉冲Lambert算法得到交会所需的脉冲冲量和交会时间,以其为威胁要素,选择最具威胁性的接近路线进行威胁要素的加权,计算得到综合威胁指标。仿真结果表明,追踪航天器的威胁指标对于轨道数据变化十分敏感,相比于常用的相对距离指标,根据威胁指标变化趋势可以更快判断出非合作航天器某次机动的接近意图。在复杂空间态势背景下,该模型可以完成主动接近式航天器的威胁预判,以便及时采取防护措施,提升卫星生存能力。

With regard to the non-cooperative actively approaching spacecraft with maneuverabil⁃ity,a threat index calculation model to analyze the threat of the chaser to the target is proposed.We extract the impulse and the time required for rendezvous based on two impulses Lambert algorithm as threat elements after analyzing the mission mode of the chaser.The most threatening route is selected to weigh the impulse and time in order to calculate the comprehensive threat index.Simulation results show that the threat index of the chaser is very sensitive to the changes of orbital elements.Compar⁃ing the commonly used relative distance index,the threat index can identify the maneuver intention more quickly according to its trend.Under the complex space situation,the threat index analysis model is able to predict the threat of actively approaching spacecraft so as to take timely protective measures and improve the survivability of satellites.