天津洋务学堂的兴起及建筑特征研究

Construction and Architectural Features of Westernization Schools in Tianjin

洋务学堂是我国近代最早创办的新式学堂,沿袭了我国传统的院落式书院建筑的形制。因新的教学方式和教学内容的加入,传统建筑空间不再适用,新的空间形式出现在洋务学堂校园之中。天津作为我国近代北方洋务运动的中心,早期开办的洋务学堂具有典型的特征。本文通过挖掘历史文献资料,探讨天津洋务学堂的创办与选址以及校园布局与建筑特征等问题,并通过与其他地区洋务学堂的比较,梳理出我国近代新式学堂萌芽期的建筑特点。

Westernization schools were the earliest new school type in modern China that still followed the courtyard style and architectural form of traditional Chinese academies.Due to the new teaching model and content,the traditional conception of space was no longer applicable,and a new spatial form appeared.In Tianjin,back then the northern center of the Westernization Movement,the Westernization schools developed a set of distinctive features.Digging through historical documents,this article explores some problems of establishment,site selection,school layout,and architectural features of Tianjin’s Westernization schools.Through the comparison with Westernization schools in other regions,the article then identifies the fundamental characteristics of new-style schools in this period.