清末新政影响下的沈阳近代建筑转型途径研究

How the New Policies of the Late Qing Accelerated the Transition to Modern Architecture in Shenyang

由于特殊的地理位置和复杂的历史背景,沈阳近代建筑的转型呈现多路径并驾齐驱的复杂局面,抽丝剥茧,通过对历史事件与建筑的关联性进行解析,梳理不同因素影响下建筑转型的动因与途径,是深入挖掘沈阳近代建筑转型规律的重要手段。清末新政使东北发生了巨大的变化,对于当时东北的执政中心沈阳来说,更是一次影响深远的变革,加速了沈阳城市近代化的进程。本文以此为背景展开近代建筑转型研究,提出该时期清政府通过自上而下推进建筑转型所呈现的“以功能为主导的城市近代化、以传统符号为装饰母题的西洋样式、与地方材料相适应的新技术”三个途径,以及转型过程中所呈现的“风格为先导、结构为支持、功能为根本”的特点,以建筑为缩影总结异质文化在传播与引入中所体现的本土化过程。

Due to the special geographical location and complex historical background,the transformation of modern architecture in Shenyang is a complex process taking multiple paths.This transformation is an important means to explore the correlation between historical events and architecture and understand the reasons and factors that shaped it.In the late Qing dynasty,the so-called New Policies brought great changes to the northeast.For Shenyang,back then the center of the northeast,the late Qing reforms accelerated the process of urban modernization.The Qing government promoted modernization with regard to functionality,developing a new form of decoration through combination of Western and Chinese styles,while adapting Western technologies to traditional local materials.A driving force was the concept of“style as the guide,structure as the support,and function as the foundation”that theorized architecture as a microcosm to explain the localization process and justify the introduction of cultural heterogeneity.