第32届夏季奥运会女子铅球冠军巩立姣成绩突破的关键技术研究

Research on the Key Techniques of Women’s Shot Put Champion Gong Lijiao in the 32nd Summer Olympic Games

采用高速摄像和三维运动学解析等研究方法对第32届夏季奥运会女子铅球冠军巩立姣备战奥运会期间(2017—2020年)的技术进行系统分析。研究发现,巩立姣成绩突破的主要技术特征:1)过渡阶段时间缩短、用力时间延长,过渡阶段通过加快左脚着地的速度,减小身体重心在水平方向移动幅度。2)用力阶段上肢用力时机出现“延迟”现象,对提高鞭打用力幅度和效果具有重要的作用,也是世界级水平运动员具有的典型技术特征。3)用力阶段加快右髋加速时机、延迟右肩转动时机、控制用力阶段器械运行的直线(低点到出手点)轨迹,减少左右方向的运动。以上因素也是巩立姣成绩能否进一步突破21 m的关键技术环节,以及未来技术改进的方向。

Using the research methods such as high-speed camera and three-dimensional kinematic analysis,the key techniques of Gong Lijiao,the women’s shot put champion of the 32nd Summer Olympic Games,during the preparation for the Olympic Games(from 2017 to 2020)is systematically analyzed.It is found that the main technical characteristics of Gong Lijiao’s performance breakthrough:1)Shortening the time and prolonging the force time in the transition stage is the key to the technical rhythm.In the transition stage,it is helpful to improve the performance by accelerating the landing speed of the left foot and reducing the movement range of the body’s center of gravity in the horizontal direction.2)The phenomenon of“delaying”in the timing of upper limb exertion in the exertion stage is the key to the exertion rhythm,which plays an important role in improving the amplitude and effect of whipping exertion.It is also a typical technical feature that world-class athletes should possess.3)The key to improve the effect of whipping force is to accelerate the acceleration time of the right hip in the force stage,“delay”the rotation time of the right shoulder,control the straight line(low point to release point)track of the instrument in the force stage and reduce the movement in the left and right directions.The above factors are also the key technical link for Gong Lijiao’s achievement to further break through the 21 m,as well as the direction of technical improvement in the future.