赛场观众自律的概念维度建构与实证检验:基于三角互证研究策略

Dimension of Field Spectator Self-discipline and Empirical Test: Based on Triangulation Research Strategy

自律对赛场观众行为的规制具有重要作用。研究提出赛场观众自律概念,基于三角互证研究策略,采用质性研究方法建构赛场观众自律的概念维度,并通过量化研究方法进行检验。结果表明,赛场观众自律是观众在内化赛场文明行为规范为自己认同的基础上,在赛场中主动抑制负面行为以符合规范要求的一种能力,由规范认知、责任认同、自我调节和冲动抑制4个维度构成。规范认知是赛场观众自律的基础和依据;责任认同是观众将外部规范内化的过程,是对规范认知的深化,是观众对自身责任的一种高度接受并赋予主体意义的状态;自我调节和冲动抑制是赛场观众自律相对具象的2种表征,突出了自律的理性特征。基于质性研究结果编制的赛场观众自律量表具备较好的信度和效度,赛场观众自律的一阶四因子测量模型拟合较好(χ2=308.695,df=98,P=0.000,TLI=0.922,CFI=0.936,RMSEA=0.062,Cronbach’s α=0.871),该量表可在后续实证研究中应用和检验。通过三角互证研究策略,证实赛场观众自律的概念模型与一阶四因子测量模型保持一致,量化研究验证了质性研究结果的可靠性,研究效度能够得到保证。

Self-discipline plays an important role in regulating the behavior of filed spectator.The study puts forward the concept of filed spectator self-discipline, and discusses the dimension and mearsurement of self-discipline based on triangulation research strategy and testing it by quantitative research methods. Research indicated that filed spectator self-discipline is an ability of spectator to actively suppress negative behavior in the stadium on the basis of their own recognition of the civilized behavior norms of the stadium which including normative cognition, responsibility identification, self-regulation and impulse inhibition. Normative cognition is the foundation and basis of field spectator self-discipline. Responsibility identification is the process of spectators’ internalization of external norms. It is the deepening of normative cognition and it is a state in which spectators highly accept their own responsibilities and endow them with subject significance. Self-regulation and impulse suppression are two relatively concrete representations of field spectator self-discipline which highlighting the rational characteristics of self-discipline. The stadium spectator self-discipline scale based on the qualitative research results has good reliability and validity and the first-order four-factor measurement model of spectator self-discipline fits well(χ~2=308.695, df=98, P=0.000, TLI=0.922, CFI=0.936, RMSEA=0.062, Cronbach’s α=0.871), and it can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate the filed spectator self-discipline. It was confirmed that the conceptual model of field spectator self-discipline was consisitent with the first-order four-factor measurement model based on triangulation. Quantitative research verified the reliability of the qualitative research results and the validity of the research can be guaranteed.