乡村振兴战略下农村土地经济属性分析

Analysis of Rural Land Economic Attribute Under Rural Vitalization Strategy

农村土地在经济属性上兼具生产功能与财产功能。随着乡村振兴的全面开展,农村土地日益成为城市资本溢出的重要载体,土地的生产资料属性逐渐被剥离,凭借土地占有权利所衍生的财产功能占据主导地位。这导致农村土地成为资本逻辑主导下的投资增值场所,而作为土地利用主体的农民却被排斥在生产活动之外,农业可持续发展难以为继。以马克思土地功能学说作为理论视域,将土地的经济属性重新纳入生产视角之中,通过扭转农地制度财产化改革方向、保护农民土地利用的生产权利以及重构土地的增值收益分配机制以全面激活农村土地的潜在价值,避免土地财产功能的不断扩张侵害土地生产功能的发挥空间。

Rural land has both production and property functions in terms of economic attributes.With the comprehensive development of rural revitalization,rural land has increasingly become an important carrier of urban capital overflow,and the attributes of land as a means of production are gradually stripped away,and the property function derived from the right to occupy land takes the dominant position.As a result,rural land has become a place for investment and value appreciation under capital,while farmers,who are the main subjects of land use,are excluded from production activities,making sustainable agricultural development unsustainable.Taking Marx’s theory of land function as the theory,this paper proposes to re-integrate the economic attributes of land into the production perspective,and to fully activate the potential value of rural land by reversing the direction of property reform of the agricultural land system,protecting the productive rights of farmers’land use,and reconstructing the mechanism of distributing the value-added income of land,so as to avoid the continuous expansion of the property function of land from infringing on the space for the productive function of land.