健康社区室外建成环境健康影响模型构建研究

Research on the Construction of the Outdoor Built Environment Health Impact Model for a Healthy Community

选取健康社区相关国际评估标准与导则作为研究对象,通过NVivo 12质性文本分析方法处理文本数据,进行健康社区室外建成环境健康影响模型的构建及具体指标的细化。基于室外建成环境的健康影响机制,结合社区健康影响需求和健康社区相关国际评估标准,构建社区室外建成环境健康影响模型,该模型以社区居民的健康和福祉为结果导向,作用于社区室外建成环境主要包括4个方面:物理环境、健康行为、心理健康和社区支持,细化为:空气、水、光环境、声环境、热环境、材料、健康饮食、体力活动、心理健康、社区支持共10个要素。对标这10个要素,将4个健康社区相关国际评估标准以及31篇社区相关导则的文本信息进行编码和归纳总结,得出45个具体指标;除此之外,对健康社区各要素进行权重排序和重点问题分析。最后基于研究成果进行实用性分析和局限性探讨。

The construction of a healthy community is important in the high-density urban built environment and the post-epidemic era. Under the ’Healthy China’ policy, the construction of a healthy community in China is progressing in an orderly manner. However,they are still in the preliminary stage and have some deficiencies in the development of a healthy community compared with developed countries abroad. Therefore, research on relevant international assessment standards and guidelines for healthy communities can provide experience and references for the construction of a Chinese healthy community.Based on the literature review and knowledge mapping analysis of healthy community research, the geographical scope of the research was four world-class bay areas: New York Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area, London Bay Area, and Tokyo Bay Area. Further,the research objects are seven cities: New York, Boston, Washington D.C., San Francisco, San Jose, London, and Tokyo. As of 7 June 2021, four international assessment standards and 31 guidelines related to a healthy community were selected as the basic data for the research. In selecting the model construction, the author summarised the health impact mechanism of the outdoor built environment based on the literature review. The mechanism consists of three main paths: harm reduction, restoration, and construction capacities. Then, the health needs of community residents are sorted based on the community health impact model. Finally, the community’s outdoor built environment health impact model based on the international assessment standards of a healthy community is constructed. The model takes the health and well-being of community residents as the result-oriented role in the outdoor built environment of the community. This mainly includes four aspects: the physical environment, healthy behaviour, mental health, and community support. These are refined into ten specific elements: air, water, light environment, acoustic environment, thermal environment, materials, a healthy diet, physical activity, mental health and community support. In the section on indicator refinement, four community international assessment standards and 31 community-related guidelines were coded and summarised through NVivo 12 qualitative text analysis software. Further, 45 specific indicators were obtained. In addition, the weight ranking for each element of a healthy community was conducted, and the key issues were analysed. The element of physical activity is the most important. In the research, the community’s outdoor built environment health impact model for a healthy community and 45 specific indicators were obtained. Further, the health needs of community residents and the community’s outdoor built environment were theoretically correlated, which could provide experience and references for the renewal, construction, and management of healthy communities. However, there is still a lack of detailed and more specific operation guidelines and strategies, which needs to be further deepened and combined with the regional and urban development status to carry out a summary.