南岭走廊湘粤区段文化线路景观交流性研究

Study on Landscape Exchange of Cultural Route in Hunan Guangdong Section of Nanling Corridor

文化线路是遗产保护领域的前沿概念,代表了一种影响当前文化遗产演变和扩展的新思路。费孝通先生在20世纪80年代提出南岭走廊的民族学概念,为中华民族多元一体格局理论的完善指明了重要方向。以文化线路具有的交流特性作为切入点,对南岭走廊湘粤区段景观文化遗产从自然地理环境、物质文化要素和非物质文化要素三个层面进行解读,认识到自然地理条件是实现文化线路交流与对话的环境基础,物质文化要素和非物质文化要素是见证文化线路交流与对话的载体和产物,希冀更深入地将文化线路理论与中国本土实际相结合,以推进文化线路理论的扩展、延伸与细化,为我国文化遗产保护提供助益与参考。

The cultural route is considered a frontier concept in the field of heritage protection. It shows the special cultural phenomenon of human migration and communication, reflects the interactive and dynamic process of human cultural contact, and represents a new idea that affects the evolution and expansion of the current cultural heritage, as well as a recognition trend of the importance of cultural heritage background environment and the overall value of relevant regions. In the 1980s, Mr. Fei Xiaotong proposed the ethnological concept of the Nanling corridor, pointing out that the arrangement of the ethnic relations in Nanling, which is a part of the national game of chess, is of great significance for understanding the general trend of ethnic migration. It also pointed out an important direction for the improvement of the theory of the pluralistic integration pattern of the Chinese nation.Taking the communication characteristics of the cultural route as the starting point, and using the concept of the Nanling corridor proposed by Mr. Fei Xiaotong and the geographical definition of the Nanling Mountain Area by the scientific investigation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, interpreted the natural geographical environment, material cultural elements and non-material cultural elements around the Hunan Guangdong section of the Nanling corridor, and drawn the following conclusions after analysis. 1) In ancient times, Nanling was the only barrier for the mainstream culture of the north to develop the natural conditions in the South under the concept of "center edge". The Hunan Guangdong section of the Nanling corridor has special natural and geographical conditions. The complex landform of mountains, rivers and gullies formed under the tectonic action is not only convenient for migration and flow, but also convenient for escape and self-preservation. Therefore, with the increasingly in-depth exchanges between different cultures, several passages running through the north and South in the section connect the plains and mountains, the central and border areas, the inland and the sea, and become the environmental basis for the exchange of cultural lines. 2) The military expansion driven by the occupation of the labor force and agricultural resources, the large-scale population migration passively or spontaneously formed by policies due to the war, and the trade circulation facilitated by the demand for barter exchange are the underlying reasons for the continuous dialogue between different cultural areas. The Hunan Guangdong section of the Nanling corridor belongs to a typical multi-cultural interlaced area. Its special geographical location makes it a transit station and bearing area for the interaction and exchange of different cultures. Therefore, the material and cultural elements represented by the line body, derivative facilities along the line and surrounding traditional villages and towns in this area are extremely rich and diversified. 3) Major cultural exchanges can be expressed not only through material and tangible things, but also through spirit and tradition. The non-material elements have the important attribute of "internally connecting multiple cultural elements". The communication of the cultural lines is manifested in the non-material cultural elements, in terms of regional large-scale and relatively stable, local small-scale and high-frequency. Through the continuous communication between different cultural regions and the high-frequency interaction between adjacent cultural sections, the intangible cultural elements have become the carrier and product of concentrating the era and cultural connotation of the Nanling region. Cultural routes are permeable, radiative and long-lasting. The domestic cultural route heritage has the characteristics of long history, large scale, rich resources, diverse types, long-lasting functions, and strong vitality. Through targeted, point-to-point interpretation and discussion, the dynamic dimension of cultural routes between the different ethnic groups and regions is revealed, which transcends materiality and is full of vitality, and shows the strong vitality and urgency of localization of cultural routes in China. It aims to promote the extension, expansion and refinement of the cultural route theory and provide positive assistance for the protection and utilization of cultural heritage.