数字经济时代个人信息合理处理制度研究

Research on the Fair Processing System of Personal Information in the Digital Economy Era

数字经济时代个人信息背后的公私利益平衡需要重构,其法律规范从保护为主逐渐转向控制为主。在传统“知情—同意”框架外,发端于著作权领域的合理使用制度与个人信息领域的适配性开始彰显。以《民法典》第999条人格利益合理使用条款为契机,参考著作权合理使用制度,结合《个人信息保护法》相关条款,我国可明确设立并完善个人信息合理处理制度。合理处理制度以厘清个人信息与著作权在合理使用上的区别为基础,明确“合理”标准的内涵及个人信息合理处理的特征、定位与构成要件并完善法条,比如增设因第三人权益与商业目的得以限制两类情形。合理处理制度能够在保护信息主体权益不受侵害的基础上进一步激活个人信息在数字经济时代的利用与流通,实现共赢。

The balance of public and private interests behind personal information in the digital economy era needs to be reconstructed.Legal regulation of personal information have gradually shifted from protection-based to controlbased models.In addition to the traditional"informed-consent"framework,the compatibility of the fair use system originated in the copyright field with the personal information field has begun to show.Taking Article 999 of the Civil Code as an opportunity,referring to the copyright fair use system,combined with the relevant provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law,China can clearly establish and improve the personal information fair processing system.In the construction of this system,it is necessary to clarify the difference between personal information and copyright in fair use,and then clarify the connotation of the"reasonable"standard and the characteristics,positioning and constitu⁃ent elements of the reasonable processing of personal information,and then improve the laws and regulations.For ex⁃ample,it is recommended to add reasons for there are two types of situations in which the rights and interests of third parties and commercial purposes are restricted.Fair processing system can further activate the use and circulation of personal information in the digital economy era on the basis of protecting the rights and interests of information sub⁃jects from infringement,and achieve a win-win situation.