默示许可抑或不可执行:标准专利违反披露义务的规制路径

Implied License or Unenforceability:the Regulatory Path of Standard Patent Violating Disclosure Obligation

标准与专利虽在制度本旨和法律性质上存在根本性冲突,但市场的力量仍促使二者不可避免地走到了一起。标准和专利的融合带来了一系列法律问题,标准专利权人在参与标准制定过程中违反披露义务的法律责任问题,是其中具争议性的话题之一。基于合同关系的法理逻辑、避免专利“反向劫持”的需要以及我国的司法实务经验,标准专利违反披露义务时成立默示许可的思路并不可取。在现行专利法的制度框架内,针对违反披露义务的标准专利,应当区分专利使用人的主观心态分别进行规制。标准专利违反披露义务的科学规制,需要进行制度上的创新。建议引入专利不可执行制度,作为规制标准专利违反披露义务的创新思路,并可将其扩展为禁止专利权滥用制度的基本执行机制。

Although there are fundamental conflicts between standards and patents in terms of system purport and le⁃gal nature,the market forces still make them inevitably come together.The integration of standards and patents has brought a series of legal issues.The legal liability of the standard patentee for violating the disclosure obligation in the process of participating in standard formulation is one of the most controversial topics.Based on the legal logic of con⁃tractual relationship,the need to avoid patent"reverse hijacking"and the judicial practice experience of China,the idea of establishing implied license when the standard patent violates the disclosure obligation is not advisable.Within the institutional framework of the current patent law,standard patents that violate the disclosure obligation should be regulated separately according to the subjective mentality of patent users.The scientific regulation of standard patent violation of disclosure obligation needs institutional innovation.It is suggested to introduce the patent unenforceability system as an innovative way to regulate the violation of disclosure obligations of standard patents,and expand it to the basic enforcement mechanism of the system to prohibit the abuse of patent rights.