算法价格歧视的规制困境与治理新解——基于算法解释权的视角

Regulatory Dilemma and New Governance Solutions of Algorithmic Price Discrimination--Based on the Perspective of Algorithmic Interpretation Power

算法价格歧视侵害了消费者的知情权、公平交易权、自主选择权,同时强化了平台剥削性滥用程度,使得消费者剩余与社会整体福利冲突加剧,严重背离了私法公平与诚实信用原则。面对算法价格歧视带来的挑战,以《反垄断法》《消费者权益保护法》《民法典》等为核心架构的消费者保护体系呈现不敷适用的困境。事实上,算法价格歧视并非单纯的法律规制问题,而是算法权力治理与解释问题。鉴于此,首先,应完善算法审查委员会的职能,从事前、事中与事后实现对自动化定价算法的全过程监督;其次,厘清算法解释权的权利主体、解释标准与触发机制;最后,参考平台与经营者参与程度、利益关系、主观过错以及算法自主性等因素,构建责任分配机制。

Algorithmic price discrimination infringes on consumers'right to know,fair trade,and independent choice,and at the same time intensifies the degree of exploitative abuse of the platform,which intensifies the conflict between consumer surplus and the overall welfare of society,and seriously deviates from the principles of fairness and good faith in private law.Faced with the challenges brought by algorithmic price discrimination,the consumer protection system based on the Anti-Monopoly Law,Consumer Rights Protection Law,Civil Code as the core structure presents the dilemma of insufficient application.In fact,algorithmic price discrimination is not simply a matter of legal regula⁃tion,but an issue of algorithmic power governance and interpretation.In view of this,first of all,the functions of the al⁃gorithm review committee should be improved,and the whole-process supervision of the automatic pricing algorithm should be realized before,during and after the event;secondly,the right subject,interpretation standard and trigger mechanism of the algorithm interpretation right should be clarified;finally,the reference platform and factors such as the degree of operator participation,interest relationships,subjective faults,and algorithm autonomy are used to build a responsibility distribution mechanism.