《民法典》绿色规范的学理阐释与具体适用——以环境法与民法的互动关系为视角

Theoretical Interpretation and Practical Application of Green Norms in Civil Code from the Perspective of Interaction between Environmental Law and Civil Law

《民法典》构筑起了以绿色原则、绿色物权、绿色义务、绿色责任为基础的绿色化规范体系,实现了环境法与《民法典》在以绿色原则为价值链接、国家环保义务为宪法依据、公民环保义务为规范基础、环境侵权为关键领域四个方面的关联。绿色规范的法律适用是《民法典》所肩负的重要实践任务,具体来说,绿色原则的法律适用有赖于法官裁判理念的更新,即在接纳私权利社会义务限制理念的同时准确理解绿色原则所蕴含的环境法价值观念;物权编绿色规则的法律适用重点是处理好环境保护与物权限制之间的关系;合同编绿色规则目前的法律适用意义不大,要结合具体的实践情况将合同环保义务具体化为当事人的行为准则,必要时合同环保义务需经司法确认使其具有强制效力;侵权责任编绿色规则的法律适用难点是环境私益损害与环境公益损害出现客体的叠合时如何实现两者的分层救济,重点要做好与环境法机制的衔接。

The Civil Code establishes a green normative system based on the green principle,green real right,green obligation and green responsibility,and realizes the correlation between environmental law and the Civil Code in four aspects:the green principle as the value link,the national environmental protection obligation as the constitutional basis,the citizen environmental protection obligation as the normative basis,and the environmental infringement as the key field.The legal application of green norms is an important practical task of the Civil Code,to be specific,the legal application of green principles depends on the renewal of the judgment concept of judges,that is,to accept the restriction concept of private rights and social obligations while accurately understanding the value concept of environmental law included in green principles;the key point of legal application of green rules of real right is the proper relationship between environmental protection and real right restriction;currently,the legal application of the green rules of contract is of little significance,so the environmental protection obligations of contract should be concreted into the code of conduct of the parties according to the specific practice,and if necessary,the environmental protection obligations of contract should be confirmed by the judicial system to make it enforceable;and the difficulty of legal application of the green rules of infringement liability is how to achieve layered relief when the objects of environmental private interest damage and environmental public interest damage overlap,and the key point is the good connection with environmental law mechanism.