农村土地市场下宅基地“三权分置”的权利运行与立法启示——以浙江义乌整村改造为对象

The Right Operation and Legislative Inspiration of"Three Rights Separation"of Homestead in Rural Land Market:a Case Study of Village Transformation in Yiwu,Zhejiang Province

宅基地试点地区出现了农村土地市场这一新型土地市场。农村土地市场是县域农村成员间的宅基地交易市场而非城乡土地市场。农村土地市场下宅基地“三权分置”遵循集体所有权强化、资格权实化、使用权限定化的权利运行逻辑。宅基地“三权”不是“分离—独立”的权利关系而是“统分—主次”的权利关系。宅基地集体所有权派生出资格权,所有权的强化促进了资格权的实化。宅基地集体所有权统筹、配置、限定和管制宅基地使用权的行使。宅基地资格权的实现优先于宅基地使用权的行使。宅基地“三权分置”立法应坚持首先保障居住功能、优先实现生产资料功能、有条件激活财产价值和强化集体土地治理能力的取向,并保证规范制度设计的系统性。

The emerging rural land market has appeared in the homestead pilot area.It is the homestead trade market among county rural members rather than urban-rural land market.The"three rights separation"of homestead land in rural land market follows the right operation logic of strengthening collective ownership,realizing qualification right and limiting right of use.The"three rights"of homestead is not the right relationship of"separation to independence"but instead"the unification and division to the primary and secondary".Homestead collective ownership derives qualification right,and the strengthening of ownership promotes the realization of qualification right.The collective ownership of homestead coordinates,allocates,restricts and controls the exercise of the right to use homestead.The realization of homestead qualification right is prior to the exercise of homestead use right.The legislation of homestead land"separation of three rights"should adhere to the orientation of protecting the residence function first,giving priority to realizing the function of means of production,activating property value conditionally and strengthening the ability of collective land management,and ensure the systematic design of the standard system.