政府转移支付对贫困家庭未成年人人力资本的影响研究

The Impact of Government Transfer Payment on Children's Human Capital

政府转移支付的目标不仅在于解决当期贫困,更是要增强贫困家庭抵御贫困的能力。研究采用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)对政府转移支付对于贫困家庭未成年人人力资本的影响进行实证分析,结果显示:在认知能力方面,我国低保政策显著提高了贫困家庭中未成年人数学标准得分,对字词标准得分没有显著影响;在非认知能力方面,低保政策对于未成年人人力资本的促进作用在12岁及以上群体中较为显著;另外,低保政策对未成年人人力资本的促进作用将会延续到其成年以后,主要体现在贫困家庭中女童在其成年以后学历水平得到了显著提升。

The goal of government transfer payment is not only to solve the current poverty,but also to enhance the ability of poor families to resist poverty.This paper empirically analyzes the impact of government transfer payments on the children’s human capital poor families using China Family Panel Studies data(CFPS).The study finds that in terms of cognitive ability,China‘s minimum living security policy has significantly improved the scores of children’s mathematics standards in poor families and has no significant effect on the scores of word standards.In terms of non-cognitive ability,the promotion effect of subsistence allowance policy on human capital of minors is more significant in the group aged 12 and above.In addition,the promotion effect of subsistence allowance policy on children’s human capital will continue to the adulthood,which is mainly reflected in the significant improvement of the educational level of girls in poor families after their adulthood.