免疫检查点抑制剂治疗恶性肿瘤的免疫相关不良反应及护理

Immune-related adverse events for patients with malignant tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and related nursing care

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)作为全新的抗肿瘤药物,为患者带来生存获益的同时,也伴随了一系列特殊的不良反应,直接影响治疗效果,导致患者生活质量降低、治疗中断甚至病死。规范ICIs毒性管理是改善患者生存结局的关键,其首要环节在于护理人员早期评估和识别。然而免疫相关不良反应的发生机制尚不明确,其发生谱仍在不断探索之中。故本文将对ICIs治疗相关不良反应发生特点、分级、临床表现及护理进行综述,以期为免疫治疗护理管理提供参考和建议。

As a brand new anti-tumor drug,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have brought survival benefits to patients,but they are also associated with a series of special adverse reactions,which directly affect the therapeutic effect,further leading to the decline of patients’quality of life,treatment interruption,and even death.Standardizing the toxicity management of ICIs is the key to improve the survival outcome of patients,and the primary link is the early assessment and identification by nursing staff.However,the mechanism of immune related adverse reactions is still unclear,and the occurrence profile is still under ongoing exploration.Therefore,this paper will review the characteristics,grades,clinical manifestations and nursing of the adverse reactions related to the treatment of ICIs in the hope of providing reference and suggestions for the nursing management of immunotherapy.