玉米-花生仁饼型低粗蛋白质水平饲粮对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和氮利用的影响

Effects of Low Crude Protein Level Diet Based on Corn-Peanut Meal on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Utilization of Chinese Yellow Chickens at 1 to 21 Days of Age

本试验旨在研究基于玉米-花生仁饼型低粗蛋白质(CP)水平饲粮对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和氮利用率的影响。选取1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡1920只(公母各占1/2),公、母鸡各按体重一致原则随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复40只)。4个组的饲粮CP水平分别为22.5%、21.5%、20.5%和19.5%。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮不同水平CP和性别对21日龄肉鸡末重和1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)均有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著交互作用(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组ADG均显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平对肉鸡ADG的影响具有显著线性效应(P<0.05)。22.5%CP组公鸡ADG最高,显著高于其他3个CP水平组(P<0.05),21.5%CP组公鸡ADG也显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组母鸡ADG均显著高于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮不同水平CP对肉鸡料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著的线性效应(P<0.05);22.5%CP组F/G最低,显著低于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05);21.5%CP组F/G显著低于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮不同水平CP均对肉鸡氮利用率有显著影响(P<0.05)。21.5%CP组肉鸡氮利用率最高,显著高于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05),19.5%CP组氮利用率也显著高于20.5%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,以玉米-花生仁饼为基础饲粮,低CP水平饲粮中尽管补充添加了晶体氨基酸,但是还是会影响公鸡生长。1~21日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮CP水平可以降低1~2个百分点。建议将公、母鸡分开饲养,以实现对其营养的精准调控,提高氮利用率,降低氮排放。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low crude protein(CP)level diet based on corn-peanut meal on growth performance and nitrogen utilization of Chinese Yellow chickens at 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 1 920 one-day-old rapidly-growing Lingnan Yellow chickens(half male and half female)were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 40 chickens per replicate respectively by consistent sex and body weight. The dietary CP levels were 22. 5%,21. 5%,20. 5% and 19. 5% for the 4groups,respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain(ADG)of chickens was affected by dietary CP levels or sex and their interaction effects(P<0.05). Both the ADG of chickens in 22. 5% and 21. 5% CP groups were significantly greater than those in 20. 5% and19.5% CP groups(P<0.05),and there was a significant linear effect of dietary CP levels on ADG of chickens(P<0.05). The ADG of male chickens in 22.5% CP group was the greatest,which was significantly greater than those in the other 3 CP groups(P<0.05). The ADG of male chickens in 21.5% CP group was also greater than those in 20.5% and 19.5% CP groups(P<0.05). Both the ADG of female chickens in 22.5% and21.5% CP groups was greater than that in 19.5% CP group(P<0.05). 2)The feed/gain(F/G)was affected by dietary CP levels(P < 0.05),along with a significant linear effect(P < 0.05). The F/G of chickens in22.5% CP group was the least,which was significantly less than those in the other 3 CP groups(P<0.05).The F/G of chickens in 21.5% CP group was also less than that in 19.5% CP group(P<0.05). 3)Nitrogen(N)utilization rate of chickens was affected by dietary CP levels(P<0.05). The N utilization rate of chickens in 21.5% CP group was the greatest,which was greater than those in the other 3 groups. The N utilization rate of chickens in 19.5% CP group was greater than that in 20.5% CP group(P<0.05). It is concluded that the growth of male chicken is still affected by low CP level diet supplemented with crystal amino acid,which is based on corn and peanut kernel cake. Dietary CP level of rapid Chinese Yellow chickens aged 1 to 21 days can be reduced by 1 to 2 percentage points. It is suggested that male and female chickens should be fed separately to achieve accurate regulation of their nutrition,and to improve N utilization rate and reduce N emissions.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35(1):191-202]