发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶及肠道菌群结构的影响

Effects of Dietary Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme, and Microbita Composition in Weaned Piglets

【目的】本试验旨在探讨发酵豆粕(FSBM)对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道菌群结构的影响。【方法】试验选取48头21日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大,6.88 kg±0.13 kg),随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲粮为基础饲粮,试验饲粮用6%FSBM等量替代基础饲粮中的豆粕。试验期为20 d。试验期间记录采食量和体重。试验第21天,每个重复选取2头猪屠宰,收集回肠食糜测定消化酶活性和肠道菌群结构,并对两者进行相关性分析。【结果】(1)饲喂FSBM可显著提高断奶仔猪的终末体重和平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG),并显著降低了料重比(feed/gain,F/G)(P<0.05);(2)FSBM组断奶仔猪回肠中的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);(3)饲喂FSBM显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠食糜中拟杆菌门、普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31类群、厌氧弧菌属、瘤胃菌科UCG-005、普氏菌属2、巨型球菌属、副杆菌属、Solobacterium及毛螺菌科UCG-004的相对丰度,显著降低了链球菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05);(4)相关性分析显示,胰蛋白酶活性与颤螺菌属、瘤胃菌科UCG-005的相对丰度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与Subdoligranulum、萨特氏菌属的相对丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05);淀粉酶活性与普雷沃氏菌科UCG003、柔嫩梭菌属的相对丰度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与琥珀酸弧菌属、罗姆布茨菌属的相对丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05);脂肪酶活性与柠檬酸杆菌属的相对丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】饲喂FSBM可改变断奶仔猪回肠菌群结构,增加断奶仔猪回肠胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,并提高其生长性能。

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fermented soybean meal(FSBM) replacement on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and microbita composition in weaned piglets.【Method】 Forty-eight crossbred piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Large White, 6.88 kg±0.13 kg, 21 days±2 days of age) were allotted into 2 groups(control group and FSBM group) with 4 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate.Piglets in control group were fed a basal diet, and experimental diet was formulated with 6% FSBM at the expense of soybean meal in basal diet.The experiment lasted for 20 days.The daily feed intake and body weight were recorded.On 21th day of the experiment, 2 piglets were randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered.The ileal digesta was collected to measure digestive enzyme activity and microbita composition, and the correlations between the relative abundances of OTUs and the digestive enzyme activity were analyzed.【Result】(1) Feeding FSBM significantly enhanced final body weight and average daily gain(ADG) while reduced feed/gain(F/G) of piglets(P<0.05).(2) The activities of trypsin and amylase in ileal digesta of piglets were increased by treatment with FSBM(P<0.05).(3) Dietary FSBM replacement significantly improved the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Anaerovibrio, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,Prevotella_2,Megasphaera,Parabacteroides,Solobacterium,Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 in ileal digesta of piglets, while the relative abundance of Streptococcus was decreased(P<0.05).(4) The trypsin activity was positively correlated with relative abundance of Oscillospira and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005(P<0.05),while was negatively correlated with that of Subdoligranulum and Sutterella(P<0.05).The amylase activity was positively correlated with relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG003 and Faecalibacterium(P<0.05),while was negatively correlated with that of Succinivibrio and Romboutsia(P<0.05).The activities of lipase was negatively correlated with Citrobacter relative abundance(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Dietary FSBM replacement could regulate structure of ileal microbiota composition, increase the activities of trypsin and amylase, and improve growth performance of weaned piglets.