蒸汽泡沫工艺中高温起泡剂的研究进展

Research progress of high temperature foaming agent in steam foam process

稠油在全球的储量较为可观,但是开采难度比轻质油大很多。目前,主要运用蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)和循环蒸汽刺激(CSS)等热力提高采收率(EOR)技术对其进行开采。同时,发现蒸汽驱替过程中会出现黏性指进、重力超覆和孔道窜流等问题,影响驱油的波及效率和产量。有研究发现,注入表面活性剂产生的泡沫可以提高波及效率。但是,一般的表面活性剂在高温条件下容易分解,并且所产生的泡沫很不稳定。因此,开发了耐高温、高盐的表面活性剂,但是针对蒸汽泡沫工艺中起泡剂的介绍较少。基于以上问题,本文将先对石油工业中常用的表面活性剂进行分类,然后对每种类型表面活性剂在蒸汽泡沫中的应用进展进行介绍。

The reserves of heavy oil in the world are considerable, but the exploitation more difficult than light oil. At present, thermal enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technologies such as steam-assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)and cycle steam stimulation(CSS)are mainly used for exploitation. Meanwhile, it is found that there are problems such as viscous fingering,gravity override and channeling in the process of steam flooding, which affect the sweep efficiency and yield of oil displacement. Studies have found that foam injection can improve sweep efficiency. However, general surfactants are easily decomposed at high temperatures and the resulting foam is unstable. Therefore, the surfactant with high temperature resistance and high salt was developed, but the introduction of foaming agent in steam foam process was less. Based on these problems, firstly, the commonly used surfactants in the petroleum industry are classified, and the application progress of each type of surfactant in steam foam is introduced.