游泳运动员冬训前后有氧能力的变化研究

Study on the change of aerobic capacity of swimmers before and after winter training

以16名辽宁省男子游泳运动员为研究对象,分析比较冬训前后运动员递增负荷力竭测试相关指标和血常规的变化,旨在探讨冬训对游泳运动员有氧能力的影响,为教练员评价训练效果、完善训练计划提供科学化的指导。结果显示:男子游泳运动员冬训后递增负荷力竭测试中最大摄氧量、最大通气量、最大功率、无氧阈功率、最大心率、达到力竭所用时间等有氧能力指标与冬训前相比均有显著提高;冬训后血常规测试中的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积与冬训前相比均有明显提高;并且冬训后运动员1500m自由泳成绩有显著提高。提示游泳运动员冬训后的有氧能力有了显著的提高。

Sixteen male swimmers in Liaoning province were selected as the research objects to analyze and compare the changes of related indexes and blood routine of increasing load exhaustion test before and after winter training,in order to explore the influence of winter training on aerobic capacity of swimmers,and provide scientific guidance for coaches to evaluate training effect and improve training plan. The results showed that the maximum oxygen uptake,maximum gas volume,maximum power,anaerobic threshold power,maximum heart rate and time to exhaustion of male swimmers increased significantly after winter training compared with before winter training. After winter training,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin and red blood cell pressure level in blood routine test were significantly improved compared with those before winter training,indicating that the aerobic capacity of swimmers after winter training has been significantly improved.