综合性国际体育赛会的碳减排效应

Carbon emission reduction effects of comprehensive international sports events

作为奥林匹克事业发展的三大核心支柱,“可持续”已经成为衡量综合性国际体育赛会筹办成功与否的重要标志。研究综合性国际体育赛会的环境绩效具有较强的现实意义。文章使用2002—2019年中国地级及以上城市的年度面板数据,利用中国主办的历次综合性国际体育赛会构建准自然实验,结合双重差分模型(DID)、空间双重差分模型(SDID)和合成控制法(SCM)等方法系统考察了综合性国际体育赛会对举办城市碳排放绩效的影响、作用机制、空间溢出效应以及可能存在的异质性。结果显示:①举办综合性国际体育赛会显著提高了举办城市的碳排放绩效,使其碳排放强度下降约15.30%。②机制分析表明,举办综合性国际体育赛会可以通过提高主办城市的绿色发展水平与科技创新能力实现主办城市的低碳转型。但由综合性国际体育赛会所引致的产业结构高级化与外商直接投资并未对主办城市的碳排放绩效产生显著影响。③从时间维度上看,综合性国际体育赛会的减排效应具有动态性特征,其效力在赛后4期内较为显著。④从空间维度上看,综合性国际体育赛会的减排效应存在显著的空间溢出。综合性国际体育赛会带动了主办城市的邻近城市碳排放强度下降约2.50%,导致全域其他城市的碳排放强度下降约1.84%。⑤异质性分析表明,综合性国际体育赛会的减排效应与赛事规模和影响力等因素相关,奥运会、亚运会和大运会等影响力较大的赛会更能改善主办城市的碳排放绩效,而亚冬会、冬大会等规模相对较小的赛会对主办城市的碳排放绩效影响有限。基于上述结论,文章认为,应该以举办综合性国际体育赛会为契机,切实推动举办城市公共治理能力现代化,着力解决城市发展过程中存在的现实问题,实现“绿色办会”与可持续发展“双赢”。

As one of the three core pillars of the development of the Olympic Movement,‘sustainability’has become an important indicator of success in organizing comprehensive international sports events.It is of great relevance to discuss its impact on environmental performance.Using panel data of Chinese cities at the prefecture level and above from 2002 to 2019,this study constructed a quasi-natural experiment using previous comprehensive international sports events hosted by China,and systematically investigated the impact of these events on the carbon performance of the host cities by combining the difference-in-differences model(DID),spatial difference-in-differences model(SDID),and the synthetic control method(SCM).The results showed that:①Hosting comprehensive international sports events significantly improved the carbon emission performance of host cities,and contributed to a 15.3% reduction in carbon emission intensity.②The mechanism analysis showed that hosting such events could significantly improve the host cities’green development and scientific and technological innovation capacity,and could drive host cities to optimize and upgrade their industrial structures and attract foreign investment.Higher-level green development capacity and science and technology innovation capacity were important driving forces behind the low-carbon transformation of host cities.However,the advanced industrial structure and foreign direct investment induced by comprehensive international sports events did not have a significant impact on the carbon emission performance of host cities.③In the temporal dimension,the carbon reduction effects of comprehensive international sports events were short-term in nature,and their effectiveness was not sustainable in the long term.④In the spatial dimension,there was a significant spatial spillover of the impact of comprehensive international sports events on carbon emission performance.It brought about a decrease of about 2.50% in the carbon emission intensity of neighboring cities of the host cities and led to a decrease of about 1.84% in the carbon emission intensity of other cities in the whole region.⑤The heterogeneity analysis showed that the carbon reduction effects of comprehensive international sports events were highly correlated with the scale of the events and their influence.More influential events such as the Olympic Games,the Asian Games,and the Universiade were more likely to improve the carbon emission performance of the host cities,while relatively small-scale events such as the Asian Winter Games and the Winter Universiade had limited impact on the carbon emission performance of the host cities.Based on the above conclusions,this paper argues that we should take the hosting of comprehensive international sports events as an opportunity to promote the modernization of the public governance capacity of the host cities,focus on solving the problems in the process of urban development,and achieve a‘win-win’situation between‘green hosting’and sustainable economic and social development.