异质性生态产品价值实现的政策工具优化及其路径

Optimization of policy instruments for value realization of heterogeneous ecological products and their paths

客观分析政策工具组合对不同类型地区的异质性生态产品价值实现的差异化影响,有针对性地优化政策工具组合,对探索可行的生态产品价值实现路径具有重要价值。以“十三五”期间中国31个省份为研究对象,应用模糊集定性比较分析方法,在区域禀赋和生态产品属性双重异质性视角下,基于公共产品理论,探究公共性生态产品和经营性生态产品分别在生态经济协调发展地区、生态发展滞后地区、经济发展滞后地区、生态经济发展双重滞后地区的价值实现路径。结果表明:①单一条件变量不构成生态产品价值实现的必要条件,多元政策工具组合是生态产品价值实现的有力保障。②组态分析的中间解显示,存在6条公共性生态产品价值实现路径,7条经营性生态产品价值实现路径。③区域禀赋的差异会导致生态产品价值实现路径的差异。④政府与社会资本合作、生态资源权益交易是生态产品价值实现的核心条件,属于实践中重要的政策工具。为加快生态产品价值实现,政策制定要考虑区域所处的实际发展阶段,加快推动生态数字化发展,实现对生态产品的精准识别和动态监测,完善生态产品市场交易体系,鼓励和支持多元主体参与,培育高质量发展绿色增长点,保障生态产品供需精准对接,促进绿色发展与共同富裕协同增效。

The objective evaluation of the different impacts of policy packages on the value realization of heterogeneous ecological products in different regions and the targeted optimization of the policy packages are important to explore the feasible paths to realize the value of ecological products.From the perspective of double heterogeneity such as regional endowments and attributes of operational ecological products,31 provinces(including autonomous regions and municipalities)in China during the Thirteenth Five‑Year Plan period were selected as research objects,and the fsQCA method was used to explore the value realization paths of public ecological products and operational ecological products in eco-economic coordination development regions,ecological development lagging regions,economic development lagging regions,and eco-economic development lagging regions according to the public product theory.The results showed that:①A single conditional variable did not constitute a necessary condition for the value realization of ecological products,and diversified policy instruments working together were powerful safeguards for such realization.②According to the intermediate solutions by configuration analysis,there were a total of six value realization paths for public ecological products and seven for operational ecological products.③Regional endowment differences could lead to differences in the value realization paths of ecological products.④Public-private partnerships and the rights transaction of ecological resources were the core conditions of the value realization of ecological products and were important policy instruments in practice.Therefore,based on the regional development stage,policies should be made to accelerate the progress of ecological digitization;accurately recognize and dynamically monitor ecological products;improve the ecological products market trading system;encourage and support the participation of multiple subjects;foster green growth points for high-quality development;guarantee a precise connection of supply and demand of ecological products;and promote the synergy between green development and common prosperity.