食物、仪式与意义——基于献祭研究的西方人类学理论解读

Food,Ritual and Meaning:An Interpretation of Western Anthropological Theory Based on Sacrifice Research

“献祭”研究早起于西方学术界,是人类学历来研究文化的一个重要内容,并形成了显著的西方学术传统。本文列举数位有影响力的早期西方学者的献祭研究,通过学术梳理,得出三个层面的研究取向:一是从人类学角度探讨献祭起源等问题的早期研究;二是根据献祭的文化现象分析潜存的逻辑结构;三是由献祭文化事实上升到哲学层面的精神考察。这些理论各有侧重,然而它们共同指向人之生命存在的现实。

The study of“sacrifice”is originated in western academic circles.It is an important matter for anthropological research and has become a tradition for research on belief culture and divinity theory.This article lists the sacrifice studies of several influential early Western scholars,based on the characteristics of sacrifice from the divine to the secular,and get research of three orientations:first,the early researches of the origin of sacrifice from an anthropological perspective;Second,it is based on the symbolic characteristics of sacrifice culture,to explore the logical structure behind the phenomenon;Third,the study is converted to the cultural facts of sacrifice from the spiritual thinking of the philosophy.