人畜共生:早期人类驯化动物的生存智慧——基于“犬”与“猪”的分析

Symbiosis between Human and Livestock:A Human Wisdom of Early Human Domesticated Animals--Based on"Dogs"and"Pigs"

根据考古学提供的相关资料,尤以对近年来动物考古学提供的新材料、新认识进行综合梳理,可以发现:对动植物资源精细化利用的过程中,早期先民逐渐驯化了家养动物。具体而言,在重视狩猎的族群中,先民们逐渐将灰狼驯化为家犬,是出于对动物性食物来源的保护与精细化利用;在重视采集与种植业的族群中,先民们逐渐将野猪驯化为家猪,是出于对植物性食物的保护与精细化利用。总体来看,先民们努力营造着一种人与家养动物共享动植物资源的生态系统,由此,既保护了自身的食物来源,也实现了对动植物资源的精细化利用,同时又拓展了一种新的食物补充方式。因之,人畜共生或许可以概括为早期人类与驯化动物的一种关系,同时也充分体现出早期人类一举多得的生存智慧。

According to the relevant information, especially by combing the new materials and new knowledge provided by animal archeology in recent years, it can be found that during the fine utilization of animal and plant resources, the early ancestors gradually domesticated domestic animals. Specifically, the ancestors' domestication of gray wolves into domestic dogs is based on the protection and refined use of animal food sources in hunting-oriented ethnic groups;the ancestors' domestication of wild boars to domestic pigs is based on Among the ethnic groups that value collection and planting, the protection and refined use of plant-based foods. In general, the ancestors worked hard to create an ecosystem where animals and plants share animal and plant resources, which not only protects their own food sources, but also realizes the refined use of animal and plant resources. A new way of food supplementation. Therefore, human-animal symbiosis may be summarized as a relationship between early humans and domesticated animals, and it also fully reflects the survival wisdom of early humans.