抑癌微小RNAs在鼻咽癌迁移和侵袭中的作用机制及中医药干预作用

Mechanism of Tumor Suppressor miRNAs in Migration and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Intervention of Chinese Medicine:A Review

鼻咽癌(NPC)发病部位隐匿,早期不易被发现,因此诊断时多为中晚期且伴有转移。NPC侵袭和转移是一个复杂的生物学过程,受到多种因素的影响,研究发现基因的表达调控参与了鼻咽癌侵袭和转移,这是当前研究领域的热点。微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是一种短小(约22个核苷酸)的非编码RNA分子,通过调控靶基因的转录和翻译,参与了恶性肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移的各个环节并发挥重要作用。在NPC中也发现了miRNAs的异常表达,而这些表达的变化对NPC的侵袭和转移发挥了重要的调控作用,基于目前的研究,总结了不同miRNAs作为抑癌基因在NPC细胞迁移和侵袭中的调控机制,主要包括其对靶基因、迁移和侵袭相关蛋白及重要信号通路的调节,涉及了上皮间质转化(EMT)、新生血管和淋巴管、肿瘤干细胞和放化疗抵抗等生物学过程;另一方面,中医药在NPC的防治,特别是放化疗后改善不良反应、降低转移率等方面疗效显著,因此,该文总结了中医药及中药活性成分经miRNAs发挥抑制NPC细胞迁移和侵袭的作用及机制,以期为后续深入研究和开发抗NPC新药提供一定的理论基础。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),characterized by insidious onset and non-specific features at the initial stage,is usually diagnosed at middle or late stage with metastasis.The invasion and metastasis of NPC involve complex biological processes,which are affected by many factors.The regulation of gene expression is involved in the invasion and metastasis of NPC,which has become a hot topic.Micro-ribonucleic acids(miRNAs)are short(about 22 nucleotides long)non-coding ribonucleic acids(RNAs)that participate in each step of invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor cells and play an important regulatory role by modulating the transcription and translation of target genes.Abnormal expression of miRNAs has been found in NPC,which regulates the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells.This paper summarized the regulatory mechanisms of different miRNAs as tumor suppressor genes in the migration and invasion of NPC cells,including the modulation of target genes,migration-and invasion-related proteins,and important signaling pathways,which involve biological processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),neovascularization and lymphatic vessels,tumor stem cells,and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.As Chinese medicine shows remarkable efficacy in the prevention and control of NPC,especially in the alleviation of adverse reactions and reduction of metastasis rate after radiotherapy and chemotherapy,we also summed up the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine and the active components in inhibiting the migration and invasion of NPC cells by miRNAs.Thereby,this review is expected to lay a theoretical basis for further research and development of new drugs against NPC.