宁夏地区不同品系番茄主要病毒病种类鉴定及复合侵染研究

Identification and co-infection of main virus diseases of different strains of tomato in Ningxia area

【目的】为明确宁夏地区番茄病毒病种类、发生现状以及对不同品系番茄的复合侵染情况。【方法】依据番茄上部叶片表现为黄化、卷曲、畸形,下部叶片表现褪绿、变硬、变脆等特征,在宁夏贺兰园艺产业园采集366份疑似番茄病毒样本(18个品种),随后利用TYLCV、ToCV、TSWV、STV、ToMV、CMV和TMV 7种主要病毒病特异性引物对采自田间的样品进行RT-PCR检测。【结果】从田间调查结果来看,番茄病毒病在夏、秋两季表现尤为明显,且在番茄不同生长发育期在植株的各部位都有典型的表现症状,可通过植株叶片的表现症状对番茄的发病情况作出初步判定。宁夏贺兰园艺产业园番茄植株主要受到TYLCV、ToCV、STV和TSWV 4种病毒的侵染。不同品系番茄检测到病毒种类及复合侵染类型也不尽相同,统计分析显示,疑似番茄植株病毒检出率为100%,复合侵染的样本占总样本数的81.69%,其中TYLCV和ToCV复合侵染病毒为当地优势毒源,复合侵染率达到40.44%,其次为TYLCV+STV病毒复合侵染,并且,在棚室温度高于35℃时,抗TY品种抗性减弱甚至感染了TYLCV病毒。3种病毒复合侵染的类型有TYLCV+ToCV+STV、TYLCV+ToCV+TSWV、TYLCV+STV+TSWV,也存在4种病毒复合侵染的现象。除‘丰冠’外,其余各番茄品种都表现出不同程度的抗性。大多数品种为抗性品种,高抗品种占参试总品种的27.78%,抗性品系占总品系的66.67%。其中‘澳粉1号’作为抗病品种,病情指数为2.3。大果番茄‘丰收’和樱桃番茄‘阿鲁’表现为高抗品种,病情指数分别为1.46和1.11。【结论】复合侵染在宁夏地区已大面积发生,且呈暴发趋势,应当引起高度重视和警惕,该研究可为宁夏地区番茄病毒病预警、检测及防治奠定理论依据。

【Objective】The study aimed to determine the types and occurrence of tomato virus diseases and their co-infection infection to different strains of tomato in Ningxia. 【Method】366 suspected tomato virus samples(18 varieties) were collected from Helan Horticultural Industrial Park in Ningxia. It mainly showed yellowing, curling and deformity of the upper leaves, while chlorosis, hardening and brittleness of the lower leaves.Then seven main virus disease specific primers TYLCV, ToCV, TSWV, STV, ToMV, CMV and TMV were used to detect RT-PCR in the samples collected from the field. 【Result】 According to the results of field investigation, tomato virus disease was particularly obvious in summer and autumn, and there were typical symptoms in all parts of the plant in different growth stages of tomato. The focus was to make a preliminary judgment on the incidence of tomato through the symptoms of plant leaves. The results showed that the tomato plants were infected by TYLCV, ToCV, STV and TSWV. Different varieties of tomato were infected by different kinds of virus and the situation of mixed infection was also different. Statistical analysis showed that the detection rate of suspected tomato plant virus was about 100%, while the samples of compound infection accounted for 81.69% of the total number of samples. TYLCV and ToCV co-infection virus was the dominant local virus source, and the combined infection rate reached 40.44%, followed by the combined infection of TYLCV+STV virus. Moreover, when the temperature of the shed was higher than 35 ℃, the resistance of TY varieties was weakened and even TYLCV virus was infected. The types of three kinds of virus co-infection are TYLCV+ToCV+STV, TYLCV+ToCV+TSWV, TYLCV+STV+TSWV and TYLCV+STV+TSWV, and there are also four kinds of virus co-infection. In addition, according to the preliminary analysis of tomato virus disease-resistant varieties, all tomato varieties except ‘Fengguan’ showed different degrees of resistance. Most of the varieties were resistant varieties, high resistance varieties accounted for 27.78% of the total varieties tested, and resistant varieties accounted for 66.67% of the total varieties. Among them, ‘Aofen No.1’was a disease-resistant variety with a disease index of 2.3. ‘Fengshou’ and cherry tomato ‘Aru’ showed high resistance, and the disease index was 1.46 and 1.11,respectively. 【Conclusion 】The co-infection has occurred in a large area in Ningxia, which should be paid more attention to and be vigilant for the prevention and control of tomato virus disease.