创新链视阈下我国大企业科学研究反哺驱动力研究

Research on the Driving Force of Scientific Research Feedback in Large Enterprises in China in the Perspective of Innovation Chain

从创新链视角厘清我国大企业科学研究反哺影响因素,对改进企业反哺行为并优化支持政策具有重要启示意义。基于2010—2020年我国30个省级行政区规上工业企业面板数据研究发现,在创新链上游环节,企业技术转移并不能有效激发科学研究反哺倾向且对反哺强度有显著抑制,这在西部地区更为突出,而在东部和中部地区却出现部分逆转;在中游环节,企业科技转化能力可激发科学研究反哺倾向,但却无助于提升反哺强度;在下游环节,现阶段我国区域新产品市场绩效规模同样虽可激发反哺倾向但却难以提升反哺强度,尤以中部地区为甚。进一步研究发现,专利侵权纠纷可正向调节技术转移对科学研究反哺倾向的影响,并可减弱技术转移对反哺强度的抑制性,市场利润率和市场集中度分别正向调节科技转化能力和新产品绩效规模对反哺强度的影响。当市场利润率低于2.2%时,企业科技转化能力抑制科学研究反哺倾向,反之则产生促进作用;当产学研合作强度低于门槛值时,企业技术转移对反哺倾向和强度均具有负向影响,反之则导致抑制效应大幅减弱。

It is important to clarify the factors influencing scientific research feedback of large enterprises in China from the perspective of innovation chain for improving the feedback behavior of enterprises and optimizing the support policies.Based on the panel data of industrial enterprises from 30 provinces and regions in China from 2010 to 2020,it is found that in the upstream link of the innovation chain,enterprise technology transfer cannot effectively stimulate the feedback tendency of scientific research and has a significant inhibition on the intensity of back feeding,which is more prominent in the western region,but is partially reversed in the eastern and central regions;in the middle reaches,the technological transformation ability of enterprises can stimulate the feedback tendency of scientific research,but it is not conducive to improving the feedback intensity;in the downstream link,the performance scale of China’s regional new product market at this stage can also stimulate the feedback tendency,but it is difficult to improve the feedback intensity,especially in the central region.Further research shows that patent infringement disputes can positively adjust the impact of technology transfer on the feedback tendency of scientific research,and can weaken the inhibition of technology transfer on the feedback strength.Market profit margin and market concentration can positively adjust the impact of technology transformation capability and new product performance scale on the strength of feeding back.When the market profit margin is lower than 2.2%,the enterprise’s technological transformation capability inhibits the feedback tendency of scientific research,otherwise,improve the feedback tendency;when the intensity of industry-study-research cooperation is lower than the threshold value,enterprise technology transfer has a negative impact on the tendency and intensity of feeding back,otherwise,the inhibition effect will be greatly weakened.