生态系统环境-文化服务耦合视角下的珠江河口区生态功能分区

Ecological Function Regionalization in Pearl River Estuary Area from the Perspective of the Coupling of Environmental and Cultural Ecosystem Services

【目的】生态系统环境服务和文化服务的耦合可表征地区可持续发展中生态和社会的双重价值需求,对国土空间可持续规划和管理有一定的理论和实践意义。【方法】以珠江河口区为例,采用InVEST和MaxEnt模型分别进行环境服务和文化服务的量化评估与空间制图,通过耦合协调度模型以及热点分析探讨两者之间的空间耦合协调关系和集聚特征。【结果】1)两者整体耦合协调度为0.36,处于失调到协调的过渡阶段,其中香港、澳门等区域耦合协调度相对较高;2)环境服务和文化服务的热-热区零星分布在澳门、深圳、香港、淇澳岛等地,湾区中部虎门等地也有少量热点分布,冷-热区主要分布在深圳、东莞等地,热-冷区主要分布在香港、珠海等地;3)基于耦合协调度分析以及热点分布结果,提出研究区可分为生态涵养区、生态修复区、一般保护区3类,指出分别应以生态保育和限制开发、生态修复和优化文化服务水平、综合保护和适度挖掘自然文化资源为主。【结论】研究表明以生态优先为底线思维的国土空间规划逐步向着社会-生态功能统筹的维度迈进,可为利益相关者提供国土空间可持续规划和管理的可视化工具。

[Objective]Human society and ecological environment have,through constant interaction,formed an indivisible and interrelated social ecological system.Environmental services and cultural services are two important subsystems of the social ecological system,which can respectively represent the value needs of ecology and society.However,with the development of human society,people’s yearning for and pursuit of nature are becoming increasingly intense.Human beings have put forward higher requirements for the cultural services provided by urban ecosystems.Despite the high social demand,excessive human activities will pose a great threat to the natural environment to a certain extent,making it impossible to meet the ecological needs,while reducing the quality of cultural services provided by the natural environment for human beings.Therefore,understanding and analyzing the spatial visual coupling relationship between environmental services and cultural services,and identifying the hot and cold maps of environmental cultural services will help planners and managers clarify the trade-offs and synergies between social and ecological values,provide a new perspective for the optimization of ecological protection planning and management,and promote regional sustainable development,which is of certain theoretical and practical significance for regional planning management.[Methods]Taking the Pearl River Estuary as an example,this research firstly adopts the InVEST model to evaluate environmental services,and the MaxEnt model to evaluate cultural services in combination with the location and comment information of public attractions/surrounding tourism channel resource points.Then the research adopts the coupling coordination model to discuss the relevancy and coordination between environmental services and cultural services in the research area.After that,the research figures out the difference between environmental services and cultural services in the spatial clustering of hot(warm/cold)spots through the superposition of their respective hot spots,and thus clarifies the spatial coupling mechanism of environmental services and cultural services.Finally,based on the results of coupling and coordination degree and hot spot analysis,the research,with the benefits from social and ecological synergy as the goal,proposes the strategies for ecological function regionalization and ecological management in the Pearl River Estuary area based on the evaluation of the coupling between environmental and cultural services.[Results]1)The overall coupling and coordination degree between environmental services and cultural services in the research area is 0.36,which is in the transition stage from maladjustment to coordination;the coordination type is the synchronous development of environmental and cultural services;the coupling and coordination between environmental and cultural services are different in different regions,and is relatively high in such regions as Hong Kong and Macao.2)The hot spots of environmental services and cultural services in the research area vary greatly in space;the hot-hot spots are scattered in Hong Kong,Macao,Shenzhen,and Qi’ao Island,and there are also a few hothot spots in Humen and other places in the middle of the Bay Area;the coldhot spots are mainly distributed in Shenzhen and Dongguan,while the hot-cold spots are mainly distributed in Hong Kong and Zhuhai.3)Combined with the coupling and coordination in between and the hot spot analysis of environmental and cultural services,it is proposed that in the research area,the hot-hot,hotcold,hot-warm and warm-warm spots covered by environmental and cultural services are ecological conservation spots,focusing on ecological conservation and restricted development;cold-warm,cold-hot and warm hot spots are ecological restoration spots,focusing on ecological restoration and cultural service optimization;cold-cold and warm-cold spots are general protection areas,focusing on comprehensive protection and appropriate exploitation of natural and cultural resources.In a word,the relationship between environment and cultural services should be rationally coordinated,and more refined and differentiated ecological management and control should be implemented in a modular and networked way.More importantly,the coupling and coordination between environment and cultural services can help give play to the natural education and ecological science popularization functions of the ecological environment,enhance the public’s ecological and environmental awareness,guide the public to participate in ecological management and environmental protection,and form a joint force of government control and public participation in ecological management.[Conclusion]This research not only provides a new way for spatial mapping of large-scale multi-cultural services,but also reveals the degree of spatial coupling between and clustering characteristics of environment and cultural services,clarifies the interaction results between society and ecology,and indicates that the bottom line thinking of terrestrial spatial planning prioritizing ecology is gradually moving towards the dimension of integration between social and ecological functions.The integration between society and ecology entails clarifying the relationship between various systems,and building a composite system for the integration between social and ecological functions with the twodimensional interaction of social ecosystem as the governance model.This research can provide reference for sustainable planning and management of terrestrial space under the construction of ecological civilization.