农业生产与社会整合——基于一个华北村庄旱作梯田的社会研究

Agricultural Production and Social Integration-A Case Study of a North China Village's Dry Terraced Fields

乡村的整合方式历来是学界研究的重点。案例村庄位于华北山区,自然条件恶劣却形成范围巨大的聚居村庄,多姓杂居和旱作梯田的特性提供了突破血缘、水利、社会团体等维度理解农业社会整合机制的可能。研究发现,农业自身具有集体性和整合力,梯田形式的整体性、农业系统的公共属性以及细密延展的生产协作,将乡村社会编织进复杂的人地关系和生产生活实践之中,构筑了村庄整合的基础。本文进一步倡导将土地和农业纳入乡村研究的视野,并拓展“社会”的概念范畴,将乡村社会视为一个地域—生产—生活共同体。

The integration of rural society has always been a focus of sociological research.In the mountainous region of northern China,the field site has formed a large and united village for long,despite its harsh natural conditions.The village's multi-clan and dry farming features enable us to investigate the integration of agricultural society beyond the modes of clans,social organization and hydraulic system.The study indicates that agriculture itself contains collectivity and integrative power.The integrity of terraced forms,the common characters of agrarian systems and intertwined collaborations of agricultural production all weave the rural society into tangled man-land networks and complicated farming-living practices,which laid the foundation for the village's societal integration.This paper argues that the concept of society should be expanded,rural studies need to pay more attention to the dimensions of land and agriculture,and rural society should be considered as a territorial-production-living community.