布依族的“伴礼”交换与地方社会关系建构——基于黔中鱼陇寨的田野考察

The Exchange of Accompanying Gifts and the Construction of Local Social Relations among Buyei People-A Field Study of Yulong Village in the Central Part of Guizhou Province

“伴礼”指同村民众之间互相陪伴送礼的习俗,也指陪伴者所赠送的礼物。当一个家庭面临婚丧大事时,将获赠来自其姻亲家庭所召集的“伴礼”。布依族“伴礼”习俗具有注重粮食意象、礼物份额固定和女性作为实践主体等特征。“伴礼”交换以人作为中介,打破了二元赠受的关系结构,将更多的实践主体纳入交换体系中,使得交换关系和回报义务呈现出更为多元和复杂的样态。“伴礼”交换将村际之间的民众联结为有机团结的整体,建构和维系着错综复杂的“泛亲属”社会关系网络,在理念上形成“人人都是亲戚”的社会结构。既影响着地方民众的日常生活和交流实践,也体现了人们对“美好社会”之内涵的集体认同与世代追求。

Accompanying gifts refers to the custom of accompanying each other when giving gifts between people in the same village,and the gifts are given by the accompanying group as while.When a family organizes a wedding or a funeral,they are given accompanying gifts from their relatives.The custom of accompanying gifts of Buyei people is characterized by food imagery,a fixed share of gifts,and the female subject.The exchange of accompanying gifts,mediated by human beings,breaks the structure of the binary gift-receiving relationship and incorporates more practical subjects into the exchange system,which makes the exchange relationship and reward obligation more diversified and complex.Exchanging accompanying gifts connects people in the village into an organic unity,constructing and maintaining an intricate pan-kinship social relationship network,and conceptually forming a social structure in which everyone is full-relational.It influences the daily life and communication practices of local people,and reflects people s collective recognition and intergenerational pursuit of the Good Society.