宗族网络、收入差距与农村家庭人情支出——基于CFPS2014的实证研究

Clan Network,Income Gap and the Burden of the Gift Expenditures of Rural Families-An Empirical Study Based on CFPS2014

在转型社会的背景之下,人情支出负担过重成为中国农村普遍存在的社会问题。本文基于2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用分层线性模型,从宗族网络结构的差异和村庄收入差距状况两个角度切入,对中国农村家庭人情负担的基本状况以及人情异化的生成机制进行了分析。研究发现:家作为人情往来的行动单元,人情负担在不同家庭结构、社会网络和收入水平上呈现出异质性;宗族网络发挥了规范人情秩序的积极作用,在宗族网络强度较高、规模较大的地区,家庭人情负担较轻;收入差距加重了人情支出负担,地区收入差距越大,家庭人情负担越重,且对低收入家庭的影响更大,但同时,宗族网络能够缓解这一负面影响。本文呈现了乡村社会变迁中人情支出负担问题的区域性差异,并揭示了其核心影响机制,为理解农村居民交往行动逻辑和乡村社会关系网络的变迁提供了有益的观察视角和机制性的理论解释。

Under the background of the transformation of society,the overburden of gift expenditures has become a common social problem in rural China.Based on CFPS2014,this paper adopts the hierarchical linear model and takes two theoretical perspectives of differences in clan network structure and village income gap as the breakthrough point,analyzing the basic situation of the gift expenditures burden of Chinese rural families and the generating mechanism.It is found that,firstly,as the action unit of gift exchange,the burden of gift expenditures is heterogeneous among families with different structures,social networks and income statuses;secondly,the clan network plays an active role in regulating gift exchange order,finally,the income gap aggravates the problem of the overburden of gift expenditures,the more serious the regional income differentiation is,the heavier the burden of the gift expenditures is,and the impact on low-income families is more severe,but at the same time the strength of clan network can alleviate this effect.This paper presents the regional differences in the burden of the gift expenditures in rural social changes,and reveals its core influence mechanism,it provides a useful perspective and a theoretical explanation for understanding the logic of rural residents communicative action and the changes in the rural social networks.