从“伦有二义”到“差序格局”:潘光旦、费孝通社会学思想的脉络

From“Lun Has Two Meanings”to“Differential Order Pattern”-A Thread of Pan Guangdan and Fei Xiaotong's Sociological Thought

费孝通“差序格局”概念从传统伦理思想中吸收了丰富资源,事实上,这一概念的生成很大程度上基于早期中国社会学对“伦”的研究。潘光旦提出伦有类别与关系二义,费孝通在此基础上发现了伦的第三义,即社会结构义。“差序格局”概念就是对“伦”的类别、关系、结构三层含义的综合,借由“差序格局”,“伦”这一古老的中国传统人文思想被纳入现代社会学与人类学的研究当中。潘光旦对伦所蕴含的“人的自觉”的强调,以及费孝通晚年社会学方法论的转向,都表明中国社会从具体人伦关系的类别化意识,最终构建出一种“差序格局”的总体形态,关键在于打通“伦”的类别、关系、社会结构这三义,其核心立足点在于“己”。潘、费二位先生的研究体现了早期中国社会学对传统社会思想的借鉴与转化。

Fei Xiaotong's concept of“differential order pattern”has absorbed rich resources from traditional ethical thought,which is largely based on the study of“lun”(伦)in early Chinese sociology.Pan Guangdan proposed that lun(伦)has two meanings,namely,category and relationship.And Fei discovered the third meaning of lun(伦),namely,social structure.The concept of“differential order pattern”is a synthesis of the three meanings,and through which the ancient Chinese traditional humanistic thought of lun(伦)is incorporated into modern sociological and anthropological studies.Pan s emphasis on“human self-consciousness”embedded in lun(伦),as well as Fei s shift in sociological methodology in his later years,shows that if we try to understand Chinese social structure,the key is to bridge the three meanings of lun(伦):category,relationship,and social structure,the core of which is based on“self”.The research of Pan and Fei reveals how early Chinese sociology drew on and transformed traditional social thought.