继承与创造:莎士比亚戏剧的经典生成

Inheritance and Creation:Process of Canonization of Shakespeare’s Plays

莎士比亚戏剧经典地位的确立与其对西方文学传统的创造性继承紧密关联,西方文学传统为莎士比亚戏剧提供了生发、成长和繁衍的土壤:古希腊罗马经典作品中的故事情节得以借鉴和改写;意大利作家的创剧手法被巧妙运用;英国本土作家关注的主题被继续探讨;《圣经》和《编年史》中的素材和史料被广泛选用。莎士比亚戏剧对西方文学传统的“继承性创作”或“创造性摹仿”,在诗性语言的运用、伪装人物的塑造、批判性的人伦教育、戏剧结构的革新、圆型人物的塑造、启蒙思想的彰显、自由意志命运观的演绎诸方面成就斐然,为推动西方文学乃至世界文学的发展作出了突出贡献,并因此确立了它在文学史上的经典地位。

The canonization of Shakespeare’s plays is closely related to his inheritance and improvement of western literary tradition.Western literary tradition provides the raw material for the formation,development and reproduction of Shakespeare’s plays.Shakespeare borrows and adapts the plots from ancient Greek and Roman classics,uses the writing techniques of Italian writers skillfully,discusses continuously the themes greatly concerned by English writers and selects sources and historical materials from the Bible and the chronicles.In the course of inheritance of western literary tradition,Shakespeare imitates and recreates western literary tradition.He achieves great success in the using of poetic language,the portrayal of disguised characters,the reconstruction of dramatic structure,the development of critical ethics education,the publicization of enlightenment spirit,the portrayal of stereoscopical characters and interpretation of free-will destiny.Shakespeare makes great contribution to the development of western literature,even world literature,which makes his works be imitated and finally canonized.