深埋隧道灾变防控方法

DISASTER PREVENTION AND CONTROL METHODS FOR DEEP BURIED TUNNELS

针对深埋隧道工程建设所面临的软岩大变形、岩爆、活动性断裂带、高温高湿以及隧道进出口高边坡5大主要工程问题,首先提出了一种新的适用于深埋隧道围岩大变形的支护理论——开挖补偿法,并研发了深埋隧道灾变防控核心材料——NPR锚杆/索。然后,针对性地提出了深埋隧道不同工程问题的防控对策和建议,主要包括软岩大变形隧道NPR锚网索高预紧力补偿技术、岩爆隧道能量吸收补偿技术、活动性断裂带隧道双梯度注浆强度补偿技术和NPR锚网索桁架耦合支护技术、高温高湿隧道双隔双控技术以及隧道进出口高边坡NPR锚索防治-加固-监测-预警一体化双补偿控制技术。最后,结合具体的实际工程,对深埋隧道的灾变防控应用效果进行说明,以期为未来深埋隧道工程防灾减灾提供参考和依据。

There are five major engineering problems faced by the deep buried tunnel projects.They include large deformation of soft rock,rock burst,active fault zone,high temperature and humidity,and high slope at the entrance and exit of the tunnel.First,the theory of deep-buried tunnel disaster prevention and control is proposed.It is called the compensation excavation method.The core material called NPR bolt/cable is developed.Then,the prevention and control measures and suggestions for deep-buried tunnels are put forward.They mainly include(1)compensation technology for high pre-tightening force of NPR anchor net and cable for soft rock tunnels,(2)energy absorption compensation technology for rockburst tunnels,(3)double gradient grouting strength compensation technology and(4)NPR anchor-net-cable-truss coupling support technology for active fault zone tunnels,(5)double partition and double control technology for high temperature and high humidity tunnels and(6)NPR anchor cable prevention-reinforcement-monitoring-early warning integrated dual compensation control technology for the high slope at the entrance and exit of the tunnel.Finally,combined with the specific practical engineering experience,the application effect of the prevention and control strategy is explained,in order to providing reference and basis for the construction of the deep buried tunnels.