聂璜《海错图》与《幸存录》中的西学知识

Nie Huang and European Learning:A Study on Haicuo Tu and Xingcun Lu

清初文人聂璜因其海洋生物画谱《海错图》知名。本文首次介绍聂璜的另一部传世稿本《幸存录》,探索《海错图》与《幸存录》两书中的西学知识,追溯史料来源。《海错图》中的鲸鱼图像源出文艺复兴时期地图中的海怪。《幸存录》“西洋记诵”篇反映民间传说对利玛窦记忆术的神化。同书“西洋画”篇记载多种西画技法与光学玩具,或与南怀仁向康熙皇帝演示的西洋奇器有关。明末清初的汉文西学图书,以及对欧洲事物的想象共同塑造了聂璜对西学的认知。

Nie Huang,a literatus in early Qing period,is famous for his painting album of marine lives Haicuo Tu(Illustrations of Sea Creatures).This article introduces for the first time Nie’s other manuscript Xingcun Lu(Surviving Miscelleny).It explores the sources of European learning in the two works.The image of a whale in Haicuo Tu could be traced back to the sea monster in a Renaissance map.The chapter“European mnemonics”in Xingcun Lu reflects how the art of memory taught by Matteo Ricci became known as a magic.“European Painting”in the same book illustrates a variety of painting techniques and optical toys,perhaps related to Ferdinand Verbiest’s display of optical camera obscuras and other novelties to the emperor Kangxi.At the end of the seventeenth century,the Chinese books on European learning and the imagine of exotic curiosities jointly shaped Nie Huang’s undersanding of European learning.