中国民族歌剧“本土化”音乐创作的形成路径及启示

The Formation Path and Enlightenment of Chinese National Opera“Localization”Music Creation

民族歌剧音乐创作成功的关键在于符合中国观众的审美心理与欣赏偏好。具体表现为民族歌剧音乐创作与民歌、戏曲音乐的有机融合,特别是以音乐戏剧性的展开吸收传统戏曲板腔体结构为核心特征。这一音乐创作路径萌发于黎锦晖儿童歌舞剧,经延安秧歌剧发展,再至“新歌剧”《白毛女》创制成功方得以基本完成,是歌剧艺术“本土化”的成功实例。“新歌剧”其后被称为民族歌剧,代表了我国歌剧艺术创作的发展水平。对比意义上,“西体歌剧”对应了歌剧进入中国后“在地化”的形成路径。梳理我国西体歌剧、民族歌剧两大类型歌剧音乐创作不同的形成路径,有助于我们更深入理解民族歌剧音乐创作特征,推动我国民族歌剧事业进一步的发展。

The key to the success of National Opera music creation is to conform to the aesthetic psychology and appreciation preference of Chinese audience.The concrete performance is the National Opera Music Creation and the folk song,the Chinese opera organic fusion,in particular,the dramatic development of music to absorb the traditional opera board cavity structure as the core feature.This music creation path originated from Li Jinhui’s children’s song and developed through Yan’an Yangge Dance,and finally came to a successful conclusion with the creation of the“New opera”-“White-haired Girl”,it is a successful example of“Localization”of opera art.The“New opera”was later called the National Opera,it represents the development level of opera artistic creation in our country.In contrast,“Western-style opera”corresponds to the formation path of“Localization”of opera after its entry into China.By sorting out the different formation paths of music creation of the two major types of opera in our country,Western style opera and National Opera,it is helpful for us to understand the characteristics of national opera music creation and promote the further development of our national opera cause.