从以变量为中心到以个体为中心:正念研究路径的转向及启示

From Variable-centered to Person-centered Approaches:Transformation in Mindfulness Study and Its Implications

将以个体为中心的研究路径引入正念研究领域。基于量化研究,主要以五因素正念问卷为测量工具,以潜在剖面分析为研究方法,将研究对象区分为不同的子群体,并分析各个子群体形成的影响因素及在结果变量上的不同表现等,很好地弥补了变量中心研究路径的不足。基于质性研究,关于正念安全性/不良反应的问题,采用以个体为中心的研究路径,尊重个体差异性与自主性,以确保个体在安全练习的基础上获益。以个体为中心的研究路径对于准确把握个体正念方式并以此为依据有针对性地对个体开展正念干预等有着重要的意义。

Researchers begun to introduce the person-centered approaches to the field of mindfulness study. Based on the quantitative research paradigms, the five facet mindfulness questionnaire is a commonly used assessment tool, and the latent profile analysis provides researchers with additional tools to identify distinct subpopulations defined by individuals’ full response profiles on mindfulness facets. Person-centered approaches add value to variable-centered approaches by focusing on the mindfulness configurations that naturally occur in the population and identifying how particular combinations of mindfulness link to outcomes. Based on the qualitative research paradigms, a person-centered approach relies less on formal diagnosis and more on the practitioner’s agency and autonomy in deciding when mindfulness distressing experiences require additional support. In conclusion, the person-centered approaches are of great significance for accurately grasping the individual mindfulness profile and carrying out mindfulness intervention for individuals.