某废铅蓄电池冶炼场地土壤铅污染特征及健康风险评价

Lead pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of soil in waste lead storage battery smelting site

以典型废铅蓄电池炼铅污染场地为研究对象,采用污染指数、潜在生态危害、健康风险和血铅评估模型(IEUBK)进行评价。结果显示:土壤铅含量为36.90~380.00 mg/kg,最大含量远超出国家农用地土壤环境质量风险筛选值,表明研究区土壤受到了严重的外源性重金属污染,整个研究区域处于轻微潜在生态风险之中;各区域重金属铅通过3种暴露途径对居民的非致癌风险为炼铅炉区>废电池堆放区>废铅渣堆放区>铅成型槽区>烟尘收集区>空白对照区,其中,儿童的非致癌总风险大于成人,存在一定的非致癌风险;由IEUBK模型预测儿童体内血铅质量浓度超过100μg/L的概率高达28.06%,远大于规定的安全概率限值5%。因此,研究区土壤重金属污染对周边生态环境和居民健康构成严重威胁。

Typical waste lead storage battery lead refining contaminated sites were studied and evaluated by pollution index,potential ecological hazard,health risk and blood lead assessment model(IEUBK).The results showed that the soil lead content is 36.90~380.00 mg/kg,with the maximum content far exceeding the national risk screening value for soil environmental quality on agricultural land,indicating that the soil in the research area was seriously polluted by exogenous heavy metals,and the whole research area was in a slight potential ecological risk;the order of the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metal lead to residents through three exposure pathways in each area was lead smelting furnace area>waste battery stacking area>waste lead slag stacking area>lead molding tank area>soot collection area>blank control area,among which,the total non-carcinogenic risk of children was greater than that of adults,and there was a certain noncarcinogenic risk;the probability of blood lead mass concentration in children exceeding 100μg/L predicted by IEUBK model was as high as 28.06%,which was much higher than the specified safety probability limit of 5%.Therefore,heavy metal pollution of the soil in the research area poses a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and resident health.