基于多岛遗传算法的垂直轴风机翼型优化设计

Optimization Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Airfoil Based on Multi-island Genetic Algorithm

为了解决垂直轴风力机的风能利用率在实际应用中低于水平轴风力机的问题,通过以多岛遗传算法为核心与翼型参数化、ICEM网格生成以及计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)流场计算相结合,并以翼型的升阻比为优化目标,建立优化模型,进而开发自动优化评估流程,完成翼型的优化设计与气动性能分析。结果表明:相比初始翼型,优化翼型是非对称翼型,其最大相对厚度降低1%,升阻比提高17.78%,升力系数提高16.7%,为0.11c(c为翼型的弦长);其最大相对厚度对应在弦上的位置向翼型的前缘移动了0.036c。且翼型弯度明显增加,中弧线偏移量最大值为0.0174c。优化翼型的前缘半径变化不大,但翼型尾缘夹角明显变小,翼型上翼面轮廓线相对平缓。

In order to solve the problem that the wind energy utilization rate of vertical axis wind turbines is lower than that of horizontal axis wind turbines in practical applications,the multi-island genetic algorithm was used as the core to combine airfoil parameterization,ICEM grid generation and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)flow field calculation.Taking the lift-drag ratio of the airfoil as the optimization objective,an optimization model was established,and then the automatic optimization evaluation process was developed,and the optimal design and aerodynamic performance analysis of the airfoil were studied.The results show that compared with the initial airfoil,the optimized airfoil is an asymmetric airfoil,its maximum relative thickness is reduced by 1%,the lift-drag ratio is increased by 17.78%,and the lift coefficient is increased by 16.7%,which is 0.11c(c is the chord length of the airfoil).The maximum relative thickness corresponds to a position on the chord shifted by 0.036c towards the leading edge of the airfoil.And the airfoil camber increases significantly,and the maximum value of the mid-arc offset is 0.0174c(c is the chord length of the airfoil).The leading edge radius of the optimized airfoil has little change,but the included angle of the trailing edge of the airfoil is significantly smaller,and the upper airfoil contour line of the airfoil is relatively flat.