论自由贸易港人民检察院对行政执法人员职务犯罪案件的侦查管辖

On the Investigation Jurisdiction of the People’s Procuratorate of the Free Trade Port over Administrative Law Enforcement Personnel’s Duty Crime Cases

建设自由贸易港、打造一流营商环境对行政执法监督提出了新的挑战。行政检察监督是人民检察院的基本职能,人民检察院在管辖行政执法人员职务犯罪案件上具有职能和专业优势。从理论层面来看,宪法法律确立了人民检察院以检察建议为主的行政执法监督权,党中央明确要求人民检察院督促纠正在履职中发现的行政机关违法行使职权或者不行使职权的行为;从实践层面来看,人民检察院侦查管辖的执法司法不公职务犯罪案件约占职务犯罪案件总量的五分之一,为新时期管辖行政执法人员职务犯罪案件提供了可能。因此,可以在遵守补强监察全覆盖原则、权力嵌合原则、整合四大检察职能原则的前提下,建立新的管辖竞合冲突解决原则,通过修改刑事诉讼法,增加人民检察院可以管辖行政执法人员职务犯罪案件的条款,具体涉及食品监管、环境监管、土地监管、出口退税及走私监管等罪名,以推进自由贸易港建设。

The construction of the free trade port and the creation of a first-class business environment pose new challenges to the supervision of administrative law enforcement. Administrative procuratorial supervision is the basic function of the people’s procuratorates, and the people’s procuratorates have functional and professional advantages in administering cases of duty crimes committed by administrative law enforcement personnel. From a theoretical point of view, the constitutional law establishes the people’s procuratorate’s administrative law enforcement supervision power based on procuratorial suggestions. The Party Central Committee explicitly requires the people’s procuratorate to supervise and correct the illegal exercise of power or non-exercise of power by administrative organs found in the performance of their duties. From a practical point of view, the people’s procuratorate investigates and controls about one fifth of the total number of duty crime cases involving unfair law enforcement and justice, which provides the possibility for the jurisdiction of duty crime cases involving administrative law enforcement personnel in the new era. Therefore,on the premise of abiding by the principle of full coverage of reinforcement and supervision,the principle of power chimerism,and the principle of integrating the four major procuratorial functions, establish a new principle of conflict resolution of jurisdictional concurrence,the Criminal Procedure Law is amended to add provisions under which the People’s Procuratorate can have jurisdiction over job-related crimes committed by administrative law enforcement personnel,specifically covering crimes involving food supervision,environmental supervision,land supervision,export tax rebate,and smuggling supervision,so as to promote the construction of free trade port.