民族地区易地扶贫搬迁点人口教育帮扶模式:特点、挑战与转向

The Model of Population Education Assistance in the Relocation Sites of Poverty Alleviation in Ethnic Minority Areas:Characteristics,Challenges and Turning

教育帮扶作为助力民族地区贫困搬迁人口实现生计减贫脱贫的重要举措,是能够从根本上阻断贫困代际传递的治本之策。通过对民族地区易地扶贫搬迁点被动输血式和主动造血式的两种教育帮扶模式分析,发现易地扶贫搬迁点教育帮扶具有目的的直接性、对象的精准性、内容的生计性、方式的激励性等特征,但依然面临着贫困家庭补偿教育难以维系可持续性生计、输血式教育供给难以改变教育落后实际现状、现有社区发展模式难以促进教育可持续发展的挑战。在开启“十四五”历史新转向背景之下,民族地区易地扶贫搬迁点人口教育帮扶也势必从个体补偿教育向区域高质量教育均衡发展转向,从外力供给教育帮扶向教育内生发展能力提升转向,从“搬得出、稳得住”的政策设计向“过得好、能致富”的制度保障转向,继而为实现民族地区高质量均衡发展提供新的契机。

As an important measure to help the poor relocated population in ethnic minority areas to achieve livelihood poverty reduction and poverty alleviation,educational assistance is a fundamental solution that can fundamentally block the intergenerational transmission of poverty.Through the analysis of two educational assistance models of"passive blood transfusion"and"active blood production"in relocation sites of poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas,it is found that educational assistance in relocation sites of poverty alleviation has the characteristics of directness of purpose,precision of object,livelihood of content and incentive of method.However,it is still faced with the challenges that compensation education for poor families is difficult to maintain sustainable livelihoods,blood transfusion style education supply is difficult to change the actual situation of educational backwardness,and the existing community development model is difficult to promote the sustainable development of education.Under the background of the new historical turn of"The 14th Five-Year Plan",the educational assistance of the population in the relocation sites of poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas is bound to turn from individual compensation education to the balanced development of regional high-quality education,from the external supply of educational assistance to the promotion of the endogenous development ability of education,from the policy design of"moving out and living steadily"to the institutional guarantee of"living well and getting rich",so as to provide new opportunities for realizing the high-quality and balanced development of ethnic minority areas.