黄河流域乡村旅游高质量发展空间差异、动态演进与障碍因子分析——基于“乡土文化-活力-韧性”视角

Spatial Difference, Dynamic Evolution and Obstacle Factor Analysis of High-quality Development of Rural Tourism in the Yellow River Basin——Based on the Perspective of Local Culture-Vitality-Resilience

文章立足于我国乡村旅游高质量发展实际,基于“乡土文化-活力-韧性”逻辑框架构建指标体系,运用标准差椭圆、障碍度模型等方法考察2007-2019年黄河流域乡村旅游高质量发展的空间差异、动态演进及其障碍因子。结果表明:(1)从空间差异上看,黄河流域2007年乡村旅游高质量发展均值排名为下游(0.149)>中游(0.102)>上游(0.099),2019年则为下游(0.138)>上游(0.110)>中游(0.095)。其中,以青海省为代表的上游地区实现了对以山西省为代表的中游地区的反超。(2)从动态演进上看,乡村旅游高质量发展由集中趋向分散,发展重心位于中国西北部,且仍继续向西北方向偏移。(3)从障碍因子上看,环境保护支出占地区生产总值比重、公路密度、市场化水平、乡村性指数、资源的品位度与丰度、艺术表演团体个数是影响黄河流域乡村旅游高质量发展的六大因素。其中,以乡村地区的乡村性、旅游资源的品位和丰度以及艺术表演团体个数三大因子为代表的乡土文化类因素的影响愈发重要。基于研究结论,文章得出政策启示:应将黄河流域视为一个整体,统筹推进黄河流域乡村旅游高质量发展,建立跨区协调机制,缩小流域内发展差距;考虑到乡村旅游发展环境的异质性,采取分区、分类指导的思路,保护乡村性和原真性。

Based on the reality of rural tourism development in China, and based on the logical framework of Local Culture-VitalityResilience, this paper constructed a high-quality development index system of rural tourism, by using standard deviation ellipse and obstacle degree model, the spatial difference, dynamic evolution and obstacle factors of high-quality development of rural tourism in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that:(1)From the perspective of spatial difference, the mean value of high-quality development of rural tourism in the Yellow River Basin in 2007 ranked as lower reaches(0.149)> middle reaches(0.102)> upper reaches(0.099), and in 2019 it ranked as ower reaches(0.138)> upper reaches(0.110)> middle reaches(0.095), indicating that the upper reaches represented by Qinghai Province had achieved the overtaking of the middle reaches represented by Shanxi Province(2)From the dynamic evolution point of view, the high-quality development of rural tourism tended to disperse from the concentration,and the development center was in the northwest China, and still continued to shift to the northwest.(3)From the perspective of obstacle factors, the proportion of environmental protection expenditure in GDP, the density of roads, the level of marketization, the rural index,the grade and abundance of resources, and the number of art performance groups were the six major factors that could affect the high-quality development of rural tourism in the Yellow River Basin. The influence of local cultural factors, such as the rural nature of rural areas, the taste and abundance of tourism resources and the number of artistic performance groups, had become increasingly important. Based on the above conclusions, the paper drew the following policy implications: the Yellow River Basin should be regarded as a whole, and highquality development of rural tourism should be promoted together, and inter-regional coordination mechanism should be established to narrow the development gap. Considering the heterogeneity of rural tourism development environment, we should adopt the guidance of zoning and classification so as to protect the rurality and authenticity.