虚构性自传:论巴别尔童年两部曲的创伤叙事

Fictional autobiography: on the trauma narrative of Babel’s childhood duology

小说《我的鸽子窝的故事》和《初恋》以1905年尼古拉耶夫屠犹运动为核心事件,组成了巴别尔童年主题创作中的独特两部曲,由于作品中存在着大量虚构的自传性元素,因而往往被简单地误读为巴别尔的作家自传。事实上,童年两部曲是作家通过“虚构性自传”这一虚实难辨的文体所实现的创伤叙事,巴别尔运用复杂而微妙的多重隐喻手法,展现了一个犹太男童的心灵剧变和身份认知,并将儿童叙述者的自传性创伤记忆书写成了一部犹太人的历史文化传记。

Babel’s novels The Story of My Dovecot and First Love constitute a unique duology among all his childhood stories. Due to the existence of a large number of autobiographical elements, these two works are often simply misread as the autobiography of Babel. However, taking the 1905 pogrom in Nikolayev as the core event, the childhood duology is a trauma narrative created by Babel by utilizing the literary style of “fictional autobiography”, which could blur the boundary between reality and imagination. Using complex, subtle, and multiple metaphorical techniques, the duology displays the psychological upheaval and identity perception of a Jewish boy and turns the autobiographical memory of the narrator into a Jewish historical and cultural biography.