中国水电站数据库构建、验证与定量分析

Database construction, verification and quantitative analysis of hydropower stations in China

水电作为一种开发技术成熟的清洁可再生能源,在我国能源发展中占有重要地位。我国拥有丰富的水电资源,但电站空间分布及发电属性特征信息的不足限制了大尺度的水能研究。针对我国水电站公开数据资料分布零散的问题,基于水力发电模拟模型,结合数据使用便利性,遴选确定了电站记录的关键属性,对我国3701座水电站进行数据收集、信息提取、属性分类和缺失填充,构建了相对完善的中国水电站数据库。其中,2019年我国(含台湾省)水电站总装机332.5 GW,大陆地区装机327.7 GW,覆盖率达92%。以该数据库为基础,采用描述统计方法,对我国水电开发的演变过程以及大中型水电站的空间分布进行了定量分析。研究成果为能源数据共享平台建设的通用性和适用性提供了技术参考,为定量化研究大空间尺度或少资料条件下的水电能源安全提供了支撑。

As a renewable and environmental-friendly source of energy, hydropower is important component of China′s energy. China is rich in hydropower resources, but inadequate information of the spatial distribution of hydropower stations and hydropower generation attributes limit the relevant large scale study on the water energy. Aiming at the problem that the public data of hydropower station are scattered, the key attributes of the hydropower station records are selected and determined in combination with the convenience of data use based on the relevant hydropower generation simulation model, and then the data collection and the extraction, attribute classification and missing filling of the information are made for 3701 hydropower stations in China to establish a relatively perfect hydropower station database in China;in which the total installed capacity of hydropower stations in China(including Taiwan Province) is 332.5 GW with the installed capacity in mainland area of 327.7 GW. Relying on this database, both the evolution process of the hydropower development and the spatial distribution of the large and medium-sized hydropower stations in China are quantitatively analyzed herein by means of describing statistical method. The study result can provide both the technical reference for the universality and applicability of constructing energy data sharing platform and the support for the quantitative study on the hydropower energy security in large spatial scale or under the condition of insufficient data.