沉积物-水界面研究在水环境治理中的应用

Application of sediment-water interface study in water environment treatment

污染物在沉积物-水界面的迁移转化规律研究对水污染防治和水生态系统评价具有重要意义。首先,介绍了污染物在沉积物-水界面的扩散过程,总结了影响污染物在沉积物-水界面迁移扩散的相关环境因素,包括氧含量、温度、沉积物组成、生物扰动、p H、离子强度、微生物,重点阐述了沉积物间隙水的取样、过程的静态和动态模拟等研究技术与方法。其次,分析了氮磷等营养物、重金属和持久性有机污染物(POPs)在沉积物-水界面迁移转化过程的研究进展。最后,对沉积物-水界面研究应用的发展方向进行了展望,希望能为控制与治理水环境污染物提供参考。

The research on the migration and transformation of pollutants in sediment-water interface is very important for water pollution control and water ecosystem assessment.Firstly,the diffusion process of pollutants in sediment-water interface is described.The environmental factors affecting the migration and diffusion of pollutants in sediment-water interface are summarized,including oxygen content,temperature,sediment composition,biodisturbance,pH,ionic strength,microorganisms.The research techniques and methods of sampling and static and dynamic simulation of interstitial water in sediments are emphasized.Secondly,the migration and transformation progress of nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients,heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in sediment-water interface are analyzed.Finally,the future development direction of sediment-water interface research and application is prospected,hoping to provide a reference for the control and treatment of water environmental pollutants.