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小尺度和中尺度产烟模型烟气毒性评价研究

Study on toxicity evaluation of fire effluents based on bench-scale and middle-scale smoke generation model
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摘要 以现行燃烧性能分级框架内的小尺度动态管式炉法和中尺度单体燃烧试验为产烟模型,选取典型阻燃和非阻燃材料开展燃烧产烟试验,利用FTIR等气体分析技术实时测量烟气组分数据,借助有效剂量分数(FED)等计算模型进行烟气毒性量化研究。结果表明:根据动态管式炉产烟气体分析计算的FED1值约为单体燃烧试验FED3max值的4~17倍;难燃材料单体燃烧试验获得的FED值较小,通常在0.15以下,而易燃材料的FED值则高达0.65;以小尺度动态管式炉和中尺度单体燃烧试验为产烟模型,应用毒性组分计算模型FED1和FED3,可对材料在火灾无焰燃烧(氧化热解)阶段和通风充足的有焰燃烧阶段的烟气毒性做出具有代表性的有效便捷评价。 Bench-scale dynamic tube furnace experiment and middle-scale single burning item experiment within the current burning behavior classification framework were used as the smoke generation model, typical flame retardant and non-flame retardant materials were selected to carry out the experiments mentioned above, gas analysis technology such as FTIR was used to measure the gas composition data in real time, calculation model such as effective dose fraction(FED) was used to quantify the fire effluents toxicity. The results show that the FED1of smoke generated from dynamic tubular furnace is about 4~17times as much as the FED3maxof smoke from the single burning item experiment, the FED values obtained from the single combustion experiment of flame-retardant materials are usually less than 0.15, while the FED values obtained from easily-flammable materials are as high as 0.65;Based on the bench-scale dynamic tubular furnace and the single burning item experiment as the smoke generation model, the toxic component calculation models FED1and FED3should be used to make a representative,effective and convenient evaluation of the smoke toxicity of materials in the non-flaming stage(oxidation pyrolysis) and the well ventilated flaming fire stage.
作者 邓小兵 李西黎 朱剑 Deng Xiaobing;Li Xili;Zhu Jian(Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Sichuan Chengdu 611830,China)
出处 《消防科学与技术》 CAS 北大核心 2022年第10期1376-1379,共4页 Fire Science and Technology
基金 应急管理部四川消防研究所基科费项目(T2019880401)。
关键词 动态管式炉法 单体燃烧试验 产烟模型 烟气毒性 dynamic tube furnace method single burning item experiment smoke generation model fire effluent toxicity
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