保护儿童接种疫苗权利的法学分析

Legal Analysis on the Protection of Children’s Right to Vaccination

我国儿童预防接种制度本质上属于保护儿童接种疫苗权利的制度,但在保护手段上还存在进一步完善的空间。出于保障儿童个体健康和构建群体免疫屏障的目的,有必要完善我国儿童预防接种制度的保护手段。我国宪法第49条“儿童受国家的保护”是保护儿童接种疫苗权利的主要宪法依据。在该条蕴含的国家保护义务理论下,国家-监护人-儿童之间呈现出多元宪法关系,其中,国家通过平衡监护人权利和儿童应享有权利的关系,最大限度地发挥法律在保护儿童接种疫苗权利上的作用。在判断某项具体的保护儿童接种疫苗权利政策是否符合法律规定时,应注意平衡公共卫生安全和个人基本权利,并依次从科学证据检验、干预限度检验和保护力度检验三个维度展开全面审查。

Children’s preventive vaccination system,which,in essence,belongs to the system that protects children’s right to vaccination,needs to be further improved in protective measures.For the purpose of protecting children’s individual health and constructing the group immunity barrier,it is necessary to perfect the protective measures for China’s children’s preventive vaccination system.Article 49 of the Constitution,“Children are protected by the state”is the major constitutional basis of protecting children’s vaccination right.According to the article which contains the State’s Protection Obligation,there exist pluralistic constitutional relations among the state,guardians and children,in which the state keeps a balance between guardians’right and children’s right to maximize the role of the law in protecting children’s vaccination right.Moreover,when judging whether a specific children’s vaccination right policy is legal or not,attention should be paid to the balance between public health security and individual basic right,and reviews should be carried out comprehensively one by one from the three dimensions of scientific evidence inspection,intervention limit inspection,and protective force inspection.