农村非农择业提高了返乡务工人员的家庭经济满意度吗?

Does Rural Non-agricultural Employment Improve Family Economic Satisfaction of Migrant Workers?

基于中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)混合面板数据,在OLS和Order Logit基准回归的基础上,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和工具变量法的实证结果显示:与回归农业相比,非农就业显著提升了返乡务工人员的家庭经济满意度。在家庭决策市场理性下,务工人员返乡择业的首选是非农就业。拓展性分析表明,返乡择业现实与实证结果存在冲突,市场理性导致潜在的市场失灵,返乡务工人员配置结构与乡村产业协调不匹配;务工人员返乡政策存在偏差,应有序减少乃至叫停激励型措施,政策导向不是“吸引优秀务工人员返乡”而是“对已返乡务工人员有序配置”,重点为普通返乡务工人员创造更多非农就业机会。

Based on the mixed panel data of CLDS,and on the basis of OLS and Ordered Logit benchmark regression,using propensity score matching method(PSM)and instrumental variable method,the empirical result shows that non-agricultural employment significantly improves return migrant workers’family economic satisfaction compared with that of workers returning to agriculture.Under the market rationality of family decision-making,the first choice of return migrant workers is non-agricultural employment.However,further expansion analysis shows:there are conflicts between the reality and the empirical results;market rationality leads to potential market failure;the allocation structure of return migrant workers does not match the coordination of rural industries.Since there is deviation in the policy of return migrant workers,incentive measures should be reduced or even stopped in an orderly manner.The policy orientation is not to“attract elites to return home”,but to“orderly allocate returned migrant workers”,and the focus should be placed on creating more non-agricultural employment opportunities for ordinary return migrant workers.